基于壓電效應(yīng)的低頻寬頻帶振動能量采集器研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 01:00
【摘要】：近年來,集成電路系統(tǒng)、MEMS設(shè)備及便攜式電子產(chǎn)品日益受人青睞,并廣泛應(yīng)用于人體健康檢測系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境控制系統(tǒng)、軍事安全應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)和野外跟蹤等領(lǐng)域。然而,對于應(yīng)用在野外環(huán)境等特殊領(lǐng)域的無線傳感器件而言,傳統(tǒng)的能源供給方式如電池和電力線等存在一些固有的供能缺陷：質(zhì)量大、體積大、供能壽命有限,能量耗盡需要重復(fù)充電等；新型核電池體積小、供電壽命長,但具有一定放射性,需要特殊防護措施,尚未獲得廣泛應(yīng)用。在這種背景下,采集環(huán)境中的振動能量并轉(zhuǎn)化為電能,已成為特殊環(huán)境中元器件能量供給研究的熱點。環(huán)境振動能量采集技術(shù)主要分為三種形式：壓電式、電磁式、靜電式。相對其他兩種采集能量的方式,基于壓電式的振動能量采集器具有高能量密度,無電磁干擾,而且不需要額外電源供電等優(yōu)點,成為了振動能量采集領(lǐng)域的研究重點。 環(huán)境中的振動能量在主要分布在較低頻段(200Hz),然而,當(dāng)前大多數(shù)能量采集器的工作頻率高于200Hz,一旦外部環(huán)境的振動頻率偏離了采集器的共振頻率,那么采集的能量收集效率便會急劇下降。因此,如何能夠與環(huán)境多源振動相匹配成為振動能量采集技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵所在。針對這一問題,本文設(shè)計了兩種低頻寬頻帶壓電式振動能量采集器,實現(xiàn)高效率的環(huán)境振動能量采集,具體完成了以下幾方面的研究工作： (1)從當(dāng)前能量采集方式入手,對比各種能量采集方式的優(yōu)缺點,得出適宜用于環(huán)境振動能量捕獲的方式,即壓電式振動能量采集；研究實現(xiàn)低頻寬頻帶壓電振動能量采集的主要方法及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。 (2)對壓電式振動能量采集器進行理論分析,討論傳統(tǒng)懸臂梁能量轉(zhuǎn)換模型、頻譜特性,分析其用于能量采集的缺陷,并對有限元仿真軟件進行介紹,搭建了實驗測試平臺。 (3)設(shè)計了一階、二階傳動壓電振動能量采集器,介紹其結(jié)構(gòu)組成及工作原理,并進行了數(shù)學(xué)建模及仿真分析。結(jié)果表明,該類型采集器具有低頻寬頻帶特性,尤其二階傳動能量采集器,50Hz下出現(xiàn)兩個電壓峰值,頻帶約拓寬50%,適合用于低頻的隨機振動環(huán)境中進行能量采集。 (4)基于柔性框架的插指式低頻寬頻帶振動能量采集器設(shè)計。介紹采集器結(jié)構(gòu)組成及工作原理,進行數(shù)學(xué)建模、仿真分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計實驗方案進行實驗測試,測試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果擬合的很好,證明了該能量采集器具有低頻寬頻帶特性,尤其五梁結(jié)構(gòu)的插指式低頻寬頻帶振動能量采集器,較傳統(tǒng)的懸臂梁式能量采集器,在小于80Hz的低頻處,頻帶增加了近560%,最適合用于環(huán)境振動能量采集。
[Abstract]:In recent years, integrated circuit systems, MEMS devices and portable electronic products are becoming more and more popular, and widely used in human health detection systems, environmental control systems, military security application systems and field tracking and other fields. However, for wireless sensor devices used in special fields such as field environment, traditional energy supply methods, such as batteries and power lines, have some inherent energy supply defects: large quality, large volume, limited energy supply life, etc. Energy depletion needs to be recharged; The new nuclear battery is small in size and long in power supply life, but it has certain radioactivity and needs special protection measures, so it has not been widely used. Under this background, collecting vibration energy in environment and converting it into electric energy has become the focus of research on energy supply of components in special environment. Environmental vibration energy acquisition technology is mainly divided into three forms: piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type, electrostatic type. Compared with the other two energy acquisition methods, the piezoelectric vibration energy collector has the advantages of high energy density, no electromagnetic interference, and no additional power supply, so it has become the research focus in the field of vibration energy acquisition. The vibration energy in the environment is mainly distributed in the lower frequency range (200Hz). However, the working frequency of most energy collectors is higher than 200 Hz, once the vibration frequency of the external environment deviates from the resonance frequency of the collector, Then the energy collection efficiency of the collection will drop sharply. Therefore, how to match the environmental multi-source vibration becomes the key of vibration energy acquisition technology. In order to solve this problem, two kinds of low frequency and wide band piezoelectric vibration energy collector are designed in this paper to achieve high efficiency environmental vibration energy acquisition. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the current energy acquisition methods, the advantages and disadvantages of various energy acquisition methods are compared, and the suitable energy capture methods for environmental vibration are obtained. That is, piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition; The main methods and development status of low frequency broadband piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition are studied. (2) the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is analyzed theoretically, the energy conversion model and spectrum characteristic of the traditional cantilever beam are discussed, the defects of the energy acquisition are analyzed, and the finite element simulation software is introduced, and the experimental test platform is built. (3) the first and second order drive piezoelectric vibration energy collector is designed, its structure composition and working principle are introduced, and the mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. The results show that this type of collector has the characteristics of low frequency and wide band, especially the second order drive energy collector. There are two voltage peaks in 50Hz, and the frequency band is about 50. It is suitable for energy acquisition in low frequency random vibration environment. (4) Design of low frequency wideband vibration energy collector based on flexible frame. The structure and working principle of the collector are introduced. The mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. On the basis of this, the experimental scheme is designed and tested, and the test results fit well with the simulation results. It is proved that the energy collector has the characteristic of wide frequency band at low frequency, especially the insertion type wideband vibration energy collector with five beam structure, which is more than the traditional cantilever beam type energy collector, and the frequency band is increased by 560th in the low frequency range less than 80Hz. Most suitable for environmental vibration energy collection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM619
本文編號：2381587
[Abstract]:In recent years, integrated circuit systems, MEMS devices and portable electronic products are becoming more and more popular, and widely used in human health detection systems, environmental control systems, military security application systems and field tracking and other fields. However, for wireless sensor devices used in special fields such as field environment, traditional energy supply methods, such as batteries and power lines, have some inherent energy supply defects: large quality, large volume, limited energy supply life, etc. Energy depletion needs to be recharged; The new nuclear battery is small in size and long in power supply life, but it has certain radioactivity and needs special protection measures, so it has not been widely used. Under this background, collecting vibration energy in environment and converting it into electric energy has become the focus of research on energy supply of components in special environment. Environmental vibration energy acquisition technology is mainly divided into three forms: piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type, electrostatic type. Compared with the other two energy acquisition methods, the piezoelectric vibration energy collector has the advantages of high energy density, no electromagnetic interference, and no additional power supply, so it has become the research focus in the field of vibration energy acquisition. The vibration energy in the environment is mainly distributed in the lower frequency range (200Hz). However, the working frequency of most energy collectors is higher than 200 Hz, once the vibration frequency of the external environment deviates from the resonance frequency of the collector, Then the energy collection efficiency of the collection will drop sharply. Therefore, how to match the environmental multi-source vibration becomes the key of vibration energy acquisition technology. In order to solve this problem, two kinds of low frequency and wide band piezoelectric vibration energy collector are designed in this paper to achieve high efficiency environmental vibration energy acquisition. The main contents are as follows: (1) from the current energy acquisition methods, the advantages and disadvantages of various energy acquisition methods are compared, and the suitable energy capture methods for environmental vibration are obtained. That is, piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition; The main methods and development status of low frequency broadband piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition are studied. (2) the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is analyzed theoretically, the energy conversion model and spectrum characteristic of the traditional cantilever beam are discussed, the defects of the energy acquisition are analyzed, and the finite element simulation software is introduced, and the experimental test platform is built. (3) the first and second order drive piezoelectric vibration energy collector is designed, its structure composition and working principle are introduced, and the mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. The results show that this type of collector has the characteristics of low frequency and wide band, especially the second order drive energy collector. There are two voltage peaks in 50Hz, and the frequency band is about 50. It is suitable for energy acquisition in low frequency random vibration environment. (4) Design of low frequency wideband vibration energy collector based on flexible frame. The structure and working principle of the collector are introduced. The mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out. On the basis of this, the experimental scheme is designed and tested, and the test results fit well with the simulation results. It is proved that the energy collector has the characteristic of wide frequency band at low frequency, especially the insertion type wideband vibration energy collector with five beam structure, which is more than the traditional cantilever beam type energy collector, and the frequency band is increased by 560th in the low frequency range less than 80Hz. Most suitable for environmental vibration energy collection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM619
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 李征;萬杰;闞君武;王淑云;楊志剛;程光明;;基于流固耦合作用的壓電液壓振動俘能器[J];光學(xué)精密工程;2012年05期
2 趙德先;;楊氏模量y與勁度系數(shù)k以及組合彈簧系統(tǒng)[J];物理通報;2003年08期
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