【摘要】：無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)不但體積小,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,可靠性強(qiáng)。而且具有普通直流電機(jī)的良好的調(diào)速性能。因此在家用電器、航空航天、辦公自動(dòng)化等方面有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的直流無(wú)刷電機(jī)(Brushless DC Motor,簡(jiǎn)稱BLDC)需要霍爾信號(hào)提供轉(zhuǎn)子信息,但是霍爾信號(hào)會(huì)受到溫度磁場(chǎng)等的影響,這不僅增加了電機(jī)的體積和成本而且降低了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。因此無(wú)位置傳感器無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的控制在近些年一直是研究的熱點(diǎn)。本論文圍繞無(wú)位置傳感器無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制進(jìn)行較為系統(tǒng)和深入的研究。 論文首先對(duì)無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程、無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的位置檢測(cè)和起動(dòng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜述。在位置檢測(cè)中對(duì)反電動(dòng)勢(shì)法、續(xù)流二極管法、電感法和狀態(tài)觀測(cè)器法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析,同時(shí)對(duì)三段式起動(dòng)、預(yù)定位起動(dòng)、升頻升壓起動(dòng)、短時(shí)檢測(cè)脈沖定位方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了討論。接著詳細(xì)分析了無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的本體結(jié)構(gòu)、電子換向電路和位置檢測(cè),同時(shí)分析了直流無(wú)刷電機(jī)的工作原理、相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型和基本方程。然后對(duì)無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的起動(dòng)和反電動(dòng)勢(shì)控制進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的討論并提出本文采用的基于電感法優(yōu)化的起動(dòng)方法和反電勢(shì)控制方法,并選用強(qiáng)大處理能力和豐富外設(shè)的dsPIC33FJMC204作為控制芯片,進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)和軟件控制設(shè)計(jì)。在硬件設(shè)計(jì)部分,主要論述了在逆變電路,反電動(dòng)勢(shì)檢測(cè)電路,保護(hù)電路等模塊的電路設(shè)計(jì)的選擇方案和設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)。軟件設(shè)計(jì)部分采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)思想,主要論述了模糊控制思想的原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)、軟件系統(tǒng)的初始化、電機(jī)起動(dòng)程序的設(shè)計(jì)、模糊PID控制程序的設(shè)計(jì)和過零檢測(cè)方法的設(shè)計(jì)。在軟件系統(tǒng)初始化中對(duì)時(shí)鐘、AD轉(zhuǎn)換、PWM、 Timer、UART的初始化做了詳細(xì)的闡述。在電機(jī)起動(dòng)程序和過零檢測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)部分給出設(shè)計(jì)的組成部分與相應(yīng)的流程圖,在模糊PID程序設(shè)計(jì)中給出了模糊PID的的流程圖和相關(guān)代碼。 最后,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的直流無(wú)刷電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試并給出了直流無(wú)刷電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的起動(dòng)、反電勢(shì)控制和模糊PID控制的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該無(wú)位置傳感器無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的可行性、穩(wěn)定性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor is not only small in size, simple in structure and reliable. And it has good speed regulation performance of ordinary DC motor. Therefore, it is widely used in household appliances, aerospace, office automation and so on. Traditional brushless DC motor (Brushless DC Motor, (BLDC) needs Hall signal to provide rotor information, but Hall signal is affected by temperature magnetic field, which not only increases the volume and cost of the motor, but also reduces the reliability of the system. Therefore, the control of sensorless brushless DC motor has been a hot topic in recent years. In this thesis, the control of sensorless brushless DC motor is studied systematically and deeply. In this paper, the development of brushless DC motor, position detection and starting status of brushless DC motor are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the backEMF method, the continuous current diode method, the inductance method and the state observer method are analyzed in position detection. The advantages and disadvantages of short-time detection pulse localization are discussed. Then, the structure of brushless DC motor, electronic commutation circuit and position detection are analyzed in detail. The working principle, mathematical model and basic equation of brushless DC motor are also analyzed. Then, the starting and back EMF control of brushless DC motor are discussed in detail, and the starting and back EMF control methods based on inductance optimization are put forward in this paper. DsPIC33FJMC204, which has powerful processing ability and rich peripheral equipment, is chosen as control chip to design the corresponding hardware circuit and software control. In the part of hardware design, this paper mainly discusses the selection scheme of the circuit design and the matters needing attention in the circuit design of the inverter circuit, the detection circuit of the back EMF, the protection circuit and so on. The principle and realization of fuzzy control, initialization of software system, design of motor starting program, design of fuzzy PID control program and design of zero crossing detection method are discussed in the software design part. In the initialization of the software system, the clock, AD conversion, PWM, Timer,UART initialization is described in detail. The components and flow charts of the design are given in the starting program of motor and the design part of zero crossing detection. The flow chart and related codes of fuzzy PID are given in the design of fuzzy PID program. Finally, the experimental results and experiments of the DC brushless motor control system are given, including the starting, back EMF control and fuzzy PID control, and the results are analyzed. The experimental results verify the feasibility, stability and effectiveness of the sensorless brushless DC motor control system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM33

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 張祥虎;基于卡爾曼濾波的無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)無(wú)傳感器控制[D];中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 侯曉東;無(wú)位置傳感器無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制的研究[D];沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

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本文編號(hào)：2380523