【摘要】：太陽(yáng)能作為一種取之不盡、用之不竭的清潔可再生綠色能源,其開(kāi)發(fā)利用有著現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)意義。但由于現(xiàn)有技術(shù)條件的限制,光伏發(fā)電轉(zhuǎn)換效率普遍較低、發(fā)電成本較高,嚴(yán)重的制約了光伏發(fā)電的應(yīng)用普及,所以必須要研究提高光伏發(fā)電效率的方法。本文研究的就是一種采用雙軸跟蹤模式,自動(dòng)控制太陽(yáng)光的入射角度,從而提高發(fā)電效率的控制系統(tǒng)。本文研究的太陽(yáng)能雙軸跟蹤控制器有兩種跟蹤模式。在正常情況下,采用光電跟蹤；特殊情況下采用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)跟蹤模式。這樣既能保證實(shí)時(shí)精確跟蹤和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)的更新,又可以排除天氣的不利影響。該系統(tǒng)在采用四點(diǎn)式雙軸光電跟蹤的基礎(chǔ)上又引入了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)跟蹤的新方式,這兩種跟蹤模式能夠自動(dòng)切換,從而避免了單一光電式跟蹤的弊端,使得跟蹤效果更加穩(wěn)定可靠。為了防止大風(fēng)天氣損壞太陽(yáng)能電池板,在跟蹤控制裝置中加入了風(fēng)速檢測(cè)處理,當(dāng)風(fēng)速超過(guò)規(guī)定值時(shí),采取避風(fēng)措施。在方位角的跟蹤過(guò)程中,為防止由于跟蹤裝置已到達(dá)極限位置,電機(jī)由于其他原因仍繼續(xù)工作而導(dǎo)致電機(jī)的損壞,在跟蹤裝置中又加入了限位控制。為降低跟蹤系統(tǒng)的功耗,在控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作過(guò)程中,利用電機(jī)在不送脈沖1秒后步進(jìn)電機(jī)相電流自動(dòng)減半的特點(diǎn)來(lái)降低能耗；同時(shí)又利用了單片機(jī)內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘分頻、夜間掉電處理以降低系統(tǒng)功耗。本系統(tǒng)以單片機(jī)STC15F2K16S2為控制核心,設(shè)計(jì)了整套自動(dòng)跟蹤裝置。該系統(tǒng)成本較低、跟蹤效果較好、精度高、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、操作方便,可廣泛應(yīng)用于光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng),能極大的提高光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。
[Abstract]:Solar energy as an inexhaustible clean renewable green energy, its development and utilization has practical social significance. However, due to the limitations of the existing technical conditions, the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is generally low, the generation cost is high, which seriously restricts the application of photovoltaic power generation, so we must study the methods to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, we study a control system which can automatically control the incident angle of solar light and improve the efficiency of power generation by using the biaxial tracking mode. The solar biaxial tracking controller studied in this paper has two tracking modes. Under normal circumstances, optoelectronic tracking is used; in special cases, database tracking mode is used. This can not only guarantee the accurate tracking and updating of database data, but also eliminate the adverse effects of the weather. Based on the four-point two-axis photoelectric tracking, a new method of database tracking is introduced in the system. The two tracking modes can be switched automatically, thus avoiding the disadvantages of single photoelectric tracking and making the tracking effect more stable and reliable. In order to prevent solar panels from being damaged by gale weather, wind speed detection is added to the tracking control device. When the wind speed exceeds the specified value, measures are taken to avoid the wind. In the process of azimuth tracking, in order to prevent the motor from being damaged because the tracking device has reached the limit position, the motor continues to work for other reasons, and the limit control is added to the tracking device. In order to reduce the power consumption of the tracking system, in the process of controlling the stepping motor, the power consumption is reduced by reducing the phase current of the stepping motor automatically by halving the phase current of the motor after the pulse is not sent for one second. At the same time, the power consumption of the system is reduced by using the internal clock frequency division and power failure at night. In this system, a whole set of automatic tracking device is designed with single chip computer STC15F2K16S2 as the control core. The system has the advantages of low cost, good tracking effect, high precision, simple structure and convenient operation. It can be widely used in photovoltaic power generation system and can greatly improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM615

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：2367460