【摘要】：近年來,由于鋰離子電池具有能量密度高、比容量高和質(zhì)量輕等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在手機(jī)、筆記本電腦等小型電子產(chǎn)品中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著電動(dòng)汽車與電動(dòng)工具等產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,迫切需要開發(fā)具有更高功率密度和能量密度、更長循環(huán)壽命的鋰離子電池作為動(dòng)力支持。作為可逆充放電的主體,電極材料是新型鋰離子電池成功開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵。本論文的研究內(nèi)容集中于新型鋰離子電池負(fù)極二氧化錫納米材料和正極富鋰層狀材料的合成、優(yōu)化及電化學(xué)性能表征。 論文第一章中主要介紹了鋰離子電池的組成結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理和發(fā)展歷史,并展望了鋰離子及動(dòng)力型電池的應(yīng)用前景。文中首先分別對鋰離子電池的正負(fù)極材料進(jìn)行了總體概述,然后著重論述了兩種電極材料(金紅石型SnO2負(fù)極材料和富鋰正極材料xLi2MnO3-(l-x)LiMO2(M=Co, Ni, Mn))的結(jié)構(gòu)、儲鋰機(jī)理、合成以及改性的研究現(xiàn)狀。 論文在第二章簡要介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)工作中所涉及的實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑、方法和儀器。此外,還特別介紹了2025型扣式電池的組裝方法,以及常用的材料結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌和成分等表征手段和電化學(xué)測試方法。 論文第三章中,采用氧化石墨烯作為氧化劑一步快速水熱法合成了SnO2/石墨烯納米復(fù)合材料,通過調(diào)節(jié)氧化石墨烯的配比,成功地制備出SnO2/SnO兩相復(fù)合物和純相SnO2,并研究了氧化石墨烯與亞錫離子比例對最終產(chǎn)物的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和電化學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)氧化石墨烯質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為32%時(shí),合成的SnO2/石墨烯納米復(fù)合材料表現(xiàn)出了高的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性,經(jīng)過90次循環(huán)后,放電比容量仍然保持在525mAh/g,平均容量損失僅為0.3%。 論文第四章中,采用一步快速燃燒法合成了富鋰正極材料,并分別應(yīng)用有機(jī)酸尿素和檸檬酸作為燃料,系統(tǒng)考察了兩種燃料對所制備材料的結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌和電化學(xué)性能的影響；同時(shí),對應(yīng)用不同燃料所制備的材料的電化學(xué)性能差異的原因進(jìn)行了細(xì)致分析。結(jié)果表明,尿素燃燒法合成的富鋰正極材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2綜合電化學(xué)性能最佳。0.1C電流倍率下首次放電比容量為264.6mAh/g,1C下最高放電比容量為167.5mAh/g,經(jīng)過100次循環(huán)后容量為150.3mAh/g,保持率達(dá)90%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in small electronic products such as mobile phones, laptops and other small electronic products because of their advantages of high energy density, high specific capacity and light quality. With the rapid development of electric vehicles and power tools, it is urgent to develop lithium ion batteries with higher power density and energy density and longer cycle life as power support. As the main body of reversible charge and discharge, electrode material is the key to the successful development of new lithium ion battery. This paper focuses on the synthesis, optimization and electrochemical characterization of novel anode tin dioxide nanomaterials and positively rich lithium layered materials for lithium-ion batteries. In the first chapter, the structure, working principle and development history of Li-ion battery are introduced, and the application prospect of Li-ion and power battery is prospected. In this paper, the cathode materials of lithium ion batteries are summarized, and the structure of two kinds of electrode materials (rutile SnO2 anode and lithium-rich xLi2MnO3- (l-x) LiMO2, Ni, Mn) are discussed. Research status of lithium storage mechanism, synthesis and modification. In the second chapter, the reagents, methods and instruments involved in the experiment are briefly introduced. In addition, the assembly method of 2025 type button battery, the usual characterization methods, such as structure, morphology and composition, as well as electrochemical measurement methods are also introduced. In chapter 3, SnO2/ graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by one step hydrothermal method using graphene oxide as oxidant. By adjusting the proportion of graphene oxide, SnO2/SnO two-phase composites and pure phase SnO2, were successfully prepared. The effect of the ratio of graphene oxide to tin oxide on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the final product was studied. The results show that when the mass fraction of graphene oxide is 32, the synthesized SnO2/ graphene nanocomposites exhibit high cyclic stability. After 90 cycles, the discharge specific capacity remains at 525mAh/ g. The average capacity loss is only 0.3%. In chapter 4, Lithium rich cathode materials were synthesized by one step rapid combustion method. The effects of organic acid urea and citric acid on the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the materials were investigated. At the same time, the reasons for the difference of electrochemical properties of the materials prepared by different fuels were analyzed in detail. The results show that the lithium rich cathode material Li [Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13] O2 synthesized by urea combustion has the best comprehensive electrochemical performance, and the first discharge specific capacity is 264.6 mAh/ g at 0.1C current ratio. The maximum discharge capacity at 1C is 167.5 mg / g, and after 100 cycles the capacity is 150.3 mg / g, and the retention rate is 90%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM912;TB33

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