【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械在工程中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。受制造工藝精度及使用過(guò)程中磨損的影響,旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械在出廠和長(zhǎng)期使用之后會(huì)逐步出現(xiàn)不平衡的現(xiàn)象[1]。對(duì)于電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子而言,轉(zhuǎn)子的不平衡現(xiàn)象主要表現(xiàn)為機(jī)械振動(dòng)與較大的噪聲。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間讓旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械運(yùn)行在不平衡狀態(tài),不僅會(huì)損害機(jī)械壽命,嚴(yán)重的可能造成安全隱患,是亟待解決的問(wèn)題。在工程實(shí)踐中,解決轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡現(xiàn)象的唯一技術(shù)是動(dòng)平衡技術(shù),所以該技術(shù)備受工程界關(guān)注[2]。根據(jù)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的要求,平衡機(jī)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括不平衡信號(hào)檢測(cè)裝置和校正裝置兩大部分,其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)亦朝著全自動(dòng)、高精度的方向發(fā)展。平衡機(jī)的研制對(duì)人類生產(chǎn)具有重要意義。在平衡機(jī)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,不平衡振動(dòng)信號(hào)的數(shù)字濾波技術(shù)、不平衡振動(dòng)信號(hào)的信息提取以及平衡機(jī)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的通訊設(shè)計(jì)備受工程人員關(guān)注。本論文主要研究的是不平衡振動(dòng)信號(hào)的信號(hào)處理算法以及平衡機(jī)系統(tǒng)通訊模塊的設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)對(duì)信號(hào)處理理論的研究,本文提出一種提取不平衡振動(dòng)信號(hào)有用信息的處理方法,即先用橢圓帶通數(shù)字濾波器對(duì)原始信號(hào)進(jìn)行數(shù)字濾波以獲得基頻信號(hào),之后使用零相移濾波器對(duì)基頻信號(hào)進(jìn)行相位補(bǔ)償,再使用帶雙譜線校正的全相位FFT譜分析法對(duì)濾波序列進(jìn)行分析以得到關(guān)于振動(dòng)信號(hào)的幅值和相角的預(yù)測(cè)值,其中信號(hào)相角預(yù)測(cè)值即為不平衡點(diǎn)的位置,幅值預(yù)測(cè)值即為不平衡量的大小。橢圓帶通數(shù)字濾波器具有很強(qiáng)的通帶選擇性且實(shí)現(xiàn)階數(shù)低,能夠?yàn)V除基頻以外的信號(hào);零相移濾波器能夠補(bǔ)償帶通濾波器帶來(lái)的相位偏移問(wèn)題;全相位FFT性能優(yōu)良,能夠解決傳統(tǒng)FFT由于非整周期采樣帶來(lái)的旁瓣干擾和頻偏泄漏問(wèn)題,得到較為準(zhǔn)確的信號(hào)頻率、初始相角及幅值預(yù)測(cè)值。在上述步驟與后續(xù)的平衡校正工作中,為了保證平衡機(jī)系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)工作以及系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部各個(gè)模塊間的高效配合,我們使用可靠的MODBUS協(xié)議作為系統(tǒng)的通訊協(xié)議。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,數(shù)字濾波技術(shù)與全相位FFT算法能夠很好地濾除干擾,確定轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡信號(hào)的幅值與相角;通過(guò)MODBUS協(xié)議,平衡機(jī)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的通訊穩(wěn)定,各設(shè)備之間配合協(xié)調(diào)。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, rotating machinery is more and more widely used in engineering. Affected by the precision of manufacturing process and wear in the process of use, the rotating machinery will gradually appear the phenomenon of imbalance after long term use and factory. For motor rotor, the unbalance of rotor is mainly characterized by mechanical vibration and large noise. It is an urgent problem to make rotating machinery run in unbalanced state for a long time, which will not only damage the life of machinery, but also cause serious safety problems. In engineering practice, the only technology to solve the rotor unbalance is the dynamic balancing technique, so the technology has attracted much attention of the engineering circles [2]. According to the requirements of actual production, the balancing machine should include two parts: unbalanced signal detection device and correction device, and its development trend is also towards the direction of automatic and high precision. The development of balancing machine is of great significance to human production. In the research and design of the balancer, the digital filtering technology of unbalanced vibration signal, the information extraction of unbalanced vibration signal and the communication design inside the balancer system have attracted much attention of engineers. This paper mainly studies the signal processing algorithm of unbalanced vibration signal and the design of communication module of balancer system. Based on the research of signal processing theory, this paper presents a method for extracting useful information of unbalanced vibration signal, that is, the original signal is digitally filtered by elliptical band-pass digital filter to obtain the fundamental frequency signal. Then the zero-phase shift filter is used to compensate the fundamental frequency signal, and the full-phase FFT spectral analysis method with double spectral line correction is used to analyze the filter sequence to obtain the predicted amplitude and phase angle of the vibration signal. The predicted signal phase angle is the position of the unbalance point and the amplitude prediction value is the magnitude of the unbalance. The elliptical band-pass digital filter has strong passband selectivity and low realization order, which can filter signals other than the fundamental frequency, and the zero-phase-shift filter can compensate the phase offset caused by the band-pass filter. The all-phase FFT has good performance and can solve the sidelobe interference and frequency offset leakage caused by non-integer periodic sampling in traditional FFT. The accurate signal frequency, initial phase angle and amplitude can be obtained. In order to ensure the coordination of the balancing machine system and the efficient cooperation between the various modules of the system, we use reliable MODBUS protocol as the communication protocol of the system. Experiments show that digital filtering and all-phase FFT algorithm can filter interference and determine the amplitude and phase angle of rotor unbalance signal. Through MODBUS protocol, the communication in the balancer system is stable, and the coordination between the devices is achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM303.3

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本文編號(hào)：2343226