發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-15 08:19

【摘要】：安全問(wèn)題、能耗問(wèn)題、噪聲問(wèn)題是伴隨著交通工具速度的提高而出現(xiàn)的幾大問(wèn)題。高速度的交通方式是人類(lèi)一如既往孜孜不倦的追求,當(dāng)速度提高時(shí),諸如前面所列的問(wèn)題等就總會(huì)或多或少地出現(xiàn),地面火車(chē)交通有輪軌的摩擦與空氣阻力,所以速度受限；飛機(jī)運(yùn)輸?shù)锰峁C(jī)身與所載物的相應(yīng)高度的重力勢(shì)能,而真空管道磁浮交通可能將會(huì)是未來(lái)社會(huì)中解決這一系列問(wèn)題的最佳交通方式。真空管道磁浮系統(tǒng)所面臨的主要問(wèn)題包括車(chē)體的驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制方式、真空管道的鋪設(shè)方式、各組件的做工精細(xì)程度、運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題等。而其中的驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制是一個(gè)重要的方面,優(yōu)良的驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制方式可以彌補(bǔ)系統(tǒng)中其它一些非主要的設(shè)計(jì)不足,讓真空管道磁浮系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯地體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。本文中真空磁懸浮系統(tǒng)中的懸浮方式采用永磁軌道上懸浮高溫超導(dǎo)體(High-Temperature Superconductor, HTS)的懸浮方式,為了能在一個(gè)小空間內(nèi)得到一定持續(xù)時(shí)問(wèn)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),故采用環(huán)形軌道。電機(jī)的安裝方式有兩種：一種是在某一點(diǎn)或幾點(diǎn)安裝上驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī),一種是整個(gè)圓周上都安裝上驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)。用直線感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)作為系統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī),影響直線感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)性能的因素有氣隙磁場(chǎng)、摩擦阻力、供電方式等。本文的目的就是討論與之相關(guān)的一些問(wèn)題。首先從電機(jī)的基本原理出發(fā),研究驅(qū)動(dòng)所用直感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,針對(duì)HTS磁浮系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和技術(shù)研發(fā)的需要引入了平動(dòng)坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)。直線電機(jī)中沒(méi)有旋轉(zhuǎn)的概念,這里的平動(dòng)坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)具有直觀的優(yōu)點(diǎn),它使得在直線電機(jī)的控制方式中用矢量控制時(shí)的理解更直觀,計(jì)算更容易。然后從矢量控制的基礎(chǔ)出發(fā)分析了加速系統(tǒng)中用于驅(qū)動(dòng)的直線感應(yīng)電機(jī)的電源的控制基礎(chǔ),并且分析了用于驅(qū)動(dòng)的直線感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的等效電路。接著分析了系統(tǒng)中的感應(yīng)電機(jī)的氣隙磁場(chǎng)特性。針對(duì)真空管道HTS磁浮系統(tǒng),引入了一種分析直線感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的電磁分布及推力特性的電流瞬時(shí)值方法,以此方法為基礎(chǔ)分析了加速系統(tǒng)所用直線感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的初級(jí)繞組的布置、三相單層繞組與雙層繞組電機(jī)的電磁特性。系統(tǒng)中感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)初、次級(jí)間的摩擦阻力包括空氣阻力與永磁軌道磁場(chǎng)分布不均衡引起的磁阻力。通過(guò)分析真空管道HTS磁浮系統(tǒng)中的驅(qū)動(dòng)器的阻力起因和特性,建立了相應(yīng)的物理模型,分析了空氣阻力與系統(tǒng)中阻塞比、氣壓、運(yùn)行速度的關(guān)系以及從軌道磁場(chǎng)分布不均衡所致的振動(dòng)耗能而折算的阻力。并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的恒定速度控制器并進(jìn)行了初步的仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Safety problem, energy consumption problem and noise problem are several problems that appear along with the increase of vehicle speed. High speed traffic mode is the persistent pursuit of human as always, when the speed increases, such as the problems listed in the front will appear more or less, the ground train traffic has wheel-rail friction and air resistance, so the speed is limited; Aircraft transport must provide the gravity potential energy of the fuselage and the corresponding height of the object, and the vacuum pipe maglev traffic may be the best way to solve this series of problems in the future society. The main problems faced by the vacuum pipe maglev system include the drive and control mode of the car body, the laying mode of the vacuum pipeline, the precision of the workmanship of each component, and the economic problems of operation, etc. But the drive and control is an important aspect, the excellent drive and control method can make up for some other non-major design deficiencies in the system, so that the advantages of the vacuum pipe maglev system are clearly reflected. In this paper, the levitation mode of vacuum maglev system adopts the levitation mode of high temperature superconductor (High-Temperature Superconductor, HTS) on the permanent magnet orbit. In order to obtain the running state of a certain duration in a small space, the annular orbit is adopted. There are two ways to install the motor: one is to install the motor at some point or several points, the other is to install the drive motor on the whole circle. The linear induction motor is used as the driving motor of the system. The factors affecting the driving performance of the linear induction motor are air gap magnetic field, friction resistance, power supply method and so on. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some related problems. Starting from the basic principle of the motor, this paper studies the mathematical model of the direct-induction motor used in the drive, and introduces the translational coordinate system according to the characteristics of the HTS maglev system and the need of the technical research and development. There is no concept of rotation in linear motor. The translation coordinate system here has the advantage of intuitionistic, which makes the understanding of vector control in the control mode of linear motor more intuitionistic and easier to calculate. Then, the control basis of the power supply of the linear induction motor used for driving in the acceleration system is analyzed from the basis of vector control, and the equivalent circuit of the linear induction motor for driving is analyzed. Then the air gap magnetic field characteristics of the induction motor in the system are analyzed. For the vacuum pipe HTS maglev system, a method of analyzing the electromagnetic distribution and thrust characteristics of the linear induction motor is introduced. Based on this method, the arrangement of the primary winding of the linear induction motor used in the acceleration system is analyzed. The electromagnetic characteristics of three-phase single-layer winding and double-layer winding motor. At the beginning of induction motor, the friction resistance between secondary motor includes air resistance and magnetic field distribution of permanent magnetic track. By analyzing the resistance causes and characteristics of the actuators in the vacuum pipe HTS maglev system, the corresponding physical model is established, and the air resistance and the blocking ratio and the air pressure in the system are analyzed. The relation of the running speed and the resistance of energy dissipation caused by the unbalanced distribution of the magnetic field of the orbit. On this basis, the corresponding constant speed controller is designed, and the preliminary simulation and experimental verification are carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM346

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