【摘要】：隨著人們對環(huán)境問題的關(guān)注以及對新能源的渴望，新型環(huán)保的能量采集技術(shù)成為國內(nèi)外研究學(xué)者探究的熱點；同時隨著對半導(dǎo)體元件的集成化與MEMS技術(shù)研究的不斷深入，將振動機(jī)械能通過采集技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為電能并為微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)供電成為可能。但是由于自然環(huán)境與人類生活中的振動能量具有頻率低，頻帶寬的特點，傳統(tǒng)的振動能量采集技術(shù)在此環(huán)境中俘能效率低下。針對此問題，本文基于壓電效應(yīng)，提出一種沖擊式振動發(fā)電裝置，通過理論公式推導(dǎo)及MATLAB仿真分析，從力的角度以提高裝置的發(fā)電性能；同時鑒于變剛度結(jié)構(gòu)可以增大壓電振子在微弱信號下的響應(yīng)振幅，提出一種變剛度升頻振動發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，以拓寬能量采集頻率并提高能量采集效率。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論如下： 1）根據(jù)機(jī)械振動理論與碰撞理論，設(shè)計一種低頻壓電沖擊式振動發(fā)電裝置，建立首次碰撞計算模型�；诖�，理論推導(dǎo)了拾振機(jī)構(gòu)的輸出電壓與功率解析表達(dá)式，并利用MATLAB進(jìn)行拾振機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，得到相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。根據(jù)優(yōu)化的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，利用AMESim仿真平臺建立此發(fā)電裝置的仿真模型，并以激振頻率、振子質(zhì)量、壓電片片數(shù)為影響因素對發(fā)電裝置進(jìn)行性能分析。 2）設(shè)計變剛度升頻壓電式振動發(fā)電裝置，，并基于此建立機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動微分方程，采用AMESim仿真平臺對所建立的機(jī)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行仿真模擬。確定變剛度彈簧剛度曲線及相應(yīng)仿真參數(shù)，對采用不同剛度曲線下變剛度彈簧的發(fā)電裝置進(jìn)行分析。對線性系統(tǒng)、定剛度升頻系統(tǒng)、變剛度升頻系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電功率進(jìn)行比較分析，證明了變剛度升頻系統(tǒng)與其它兩種傳統(tǒng)發(fā)電裝置相比，在低頻振動環(huán)境中更具優(yōu)勢，既能拓寬響應(yīng)頻帶，又能提高發(fā)電功率。 本文為了提高低頻振動能量俘獲能力，從力的角度設(shè)計了一種低頻壓電沖擊式振動發(fā)電裝置，此發(fā)電裝置在結(jié)構(gòu)最優(yōu)的情況下，峰值發(fā)電功率可達(dá)4.4μW，10s內(nèi)可俘獲68.25mJ電能；同時鑒于一種升頻壓電裝置，提出了變剛度升頻系統(tǒng)，相對于定剛度升頻系統(tǒng)，變剛度升頻振動發(fā)電機(jī)響應(yīng)頻帶拓寬15%，發(fā)電功率峰值可達(dá)7mW。
[Abstract]:With the attention of people to environmental problems and the desire for new energy, the new energy acquisition technology of environmental protection has become the hot spot of domestic and foreign researchers. At the same time, with the integration of semiconductor components and the development of MEMS technology, it is possible to convert the vibration mechanical energy into electric energy through the acquisition technology and to supply power to the MEMS. However, because of the characteristics of low frequency and bandwidth of vibration energy in natural environment and human life, the traditional vibration energy acquisition technology is inefficient in this environment. In order to solve this problem, based on the piezoelectric effect, this paper puts forward a kind of shock vibration generator, which can improve the power generation performance from the point of view of force through theoretical formula derivation and MATLAB simulation analysis. In view of the fact that the variable stiffness structure can increase the response amplitude of piezoelectric vibrators under weak signals, a variable stiffness frequency vibration generating system is proposed to broaden the energy acquisition frequency and improve the energy acquisition efficiency. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) based on the mechanical vibration theory and the impact theory, a low frequency piezoelectric shock vibration generator is designed, and the first collision calculation model is established. Based on this, the analytical expressions of output voltage and power of the pick up mechanism are derived theoretically, and the corresponding structural parameters are obtained by optimizing the structure of the pick up mechanism by using MATLAB. According to the optimized structural parameters, the simulation model of the generator is established by using the AMESim simulation platform, and the performance of the generator is analyzed by taking the exciting frequency, the quality of the oscillator and the number of piezoelectric chips as the influencing factors. 2) the piezoelectric vibration generator with variable stiffness is designed. Based on this, the kinematic differential equation of the mechanism is established, and the mechanism model is simulated by AMESim simulation platform. The stiffness curve of variable stiffness spring and the corresponding simulation parameters are determined, and the power generation device with variable stiffness spring under different stiffness curves is analyzed. The power generation power of the linear system, the constant stiffness frequency rising system and the variable stiffness frequency rising system are compared. It is proved that the variable stiffness frequency rising system has more advantages in the low frequency vibration environment than the other two kinds of traditional power generation devices. It can not only widen the response frequency band, but also increase the power of power generation. In order to improve the energy trapping ability of low frequency vibration, a low frequency piezoelectric shock vibration generator is designed from the point of view of force. Under the optimal structure, the peak generation power can reach 4.4 渭 W. The 68.25mJ energy can be captured within 10 s; In view of a frequency rise piezoelectric device, a variable stiffness frequency raising system is proposed. Compared with the constant stiffness frequency raising system, the response frequency band of the variable stiffness frequency rise vibration generator is widened by 15, and the power peak value can reach 7 MW.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM619

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