【摘要】：電力系統(tǒng)黑啟動預(yù)案在發(fā)生大面積停電時能有效地輔助調(diào)度員對停電區(qū)域進行操作,加快電網(wǎng)恢復(fù)供電。然而黑啟動過程涉及電力系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)、穩(wěn)態(tài)等一系列復(fù)雜過程。黑啟動預(yù)案的制定過程又涉及路徑的自動生成、各項綜合技術(shù)校驗、方案評估等問題,因而如何快速有效地獲得最佳黑啟動方案,是一個備受關(guān)注的課題之一。在線黑啟動輔助決策系統(tǒng)能根據(jù)實時電網(wǎng)變化快速的制定出相適應(yīng)的黑啟動預(yù)案。因此本文對如上問題進行了研究,并取得了一定的研究成果。本文主要工作有:1、本文提出了一種DEA/AHP改進模型。該模型在待評估方案中插入最優(yōu)、最差方案,避免了在應(yīng)用DEA模型進行方案之間的比較時出現(xiàn)相對有效性全相同而導(dǎo)致的判斷矩陣全為1的情況;在應(yīng)用AHP排序過程中也以最優(yōu)、最差方案為參照,克服了熵權(quán)法評估不能保證方案獨立性及可評估最少方案數(shù)目限制的問題;另外應(yīng)用DEA模型避免了求權(quán)重的過程,只以輸出最大為目標函數(shù),增強了客觀性。本文針對電力系統(tǒng)黑啟動方案評估中多屬性、主客觀權(quán)重不易確定等特點提出該計算模型;其計算簡單,結(jié)果可靠,天津電網(wǎng)實際黑啟動方案的評估結(jié)果證明了本方法的有效性。2、本文研發(fā)了一套大電網(wǎng)黑啟動輔助決策軟件系統(tǒng)。首先,對大電網(wǎng)黑啟動方案在線生成技術(shù)需求進行了全面的分析,對于所涉及的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備模型、系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)分區(qū)、路徑搜索方法、工頻過電壓、操作過電壓、電壓頻率穩(wěn)定性、路徑評估排序等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進行了全面梳理,分析比較了現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點;在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合電網(wǎng)實際運行情況和未來的發(fā)展前景對大電網(wǎng)黑啟動方案在線生成方案進行了詳細設(shè)計,開發(fā)了一套大電網(wǎng)黑啟動輔助決策軟件并在華中電網(wǎng)開展了示范應(yīng)用工作。華中電網(wǎng)500KV黑啟動仿真結(jié)果證明本支持系統(tǒng)軟件的有效性和實用性。研究成果對于提升國家電網(wǎng)的應(yīng)急保障能力和系統(tǒng)危機處理能力,保障國家電網(wǎng)一體化安全穩(wěn)定運行,具有十分重要的意義。
[Abstract]:The black-start plan of power system can effectively assist dispatcher to operate the power cut area in the event of large area blackout, and speed up the restoration of power supply. However, the black start process involves a series of complex processes, such as power system transient, steady state and so on. The process of making the black start plan involves the automatic generation of the path, the verification of the comprehensive technology, the evaluation of the scheme, and so on. Therefore, how to obtain the best black start scheme quickly and effectively is one of the most concerned topics. On-line black-start assistant decision system can make suitable black-start plan quickly according to the change of real-time power grid. Therefore, this paper has carried on the research to the above question, and has obtained the certain research result. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. An improved DEA/AHP model is proposed. The model inserts the best and worst schemes in the scheme to be evaluated, which avoids the situation that the relative validity is all the same and the judgment matrix is all 1 when the DEA model is used to compare the schemes. In the process of AHP ranking, the optimal and worst schemes are taken as the reference, which overcomes the problem that the entropy weight method can not guarantee the independence of the scheme and limit the minimum number of schemes to be evaluated. In addition, the DEA model is used to avoid the process of weight calculation, and the objective function is the maximum output, so the objectivity is enhanced. In this paper, the calculation model is proposed in view of the characteristics of multi-attribute and difficult to determine the subjective and objective weights in the evaluation of power system black-start scheme. The calculation is simple and the results are reliable. The evaluation results of the actual black-start scheme in Tianjin Power Grid prove the effectiveness of this method. 2. In this paper, a set of auxiliary decision software system for black-start of large power grid is developed. First of all, the technical requirements of black-start scheme online generation for large power grid are analyzed comprehensively. For the key equipment model, system recovery partition, path search method, power frequency overvoltage, operation overvoltage, voltage frequency stability, the paper analyzes the key equipment model, system recovery zone, path search method, operation overvoltage and voltage frequency stability. The key technologies, such as path evaluation and ranking, are comprehensively combed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing technologies are analyzed and compared. On this basis, combined with the actual operation of the power grid and the future development prospects, the black-start scheme online generation scheme of large power grid is designed in detail. A set of auxiliary decision-making software for black start of large power grid is developed, and the demonstration application work is carried out in Central China Power Grid. The simulation results of 500KV black start in Central China Power Grid show the effectiveness and practicability of the software. The research results are of great significance for improving the emergency support capacity and system crisis handling capability of the State Grid and ensuring the integrated safe and stable operation of the State Grid.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM732

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