【摘要】：隨著我國智能電網(wǎng)的大力發(fā)展，對電網(wǎng)可靠性以及能源利用率的要求越來越高。作為電能使用必然發(fā)展趨勢的智能用電是智能電網(wǎng)中的重要組成部分，，其核心特征是電網(wǎng)與用戶靈活的雙向互動，而需求響應(yīng)作為用能互動中最重要的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式之一，通過價(jià)格或激勵(lì)等方式引導(dǎo)用戶改變用電負(fù)荷以參與電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰，通過用戶主動參與優(yōu)化用電方式以增加需求側(cè)在電力市場中的作用。針對這一目的，本文在智能用電發(fā)展的背景下，對需求響應(yīng)策略的制定和實(shí)施及用戶的響應(yīng)行為進(jìn)行了研究和分析。 本文首先分析了需求響應(yīng)的機(jī)理，需求響應(yīng)的前提是用戶的響應(yīng)。在用戶利益基礎(chǔ)上建立需求響應(yīng)模型分析需求響應(yīng)的影響因素。通過價(jià)格和激勵(lì)兩種方式刺激用戶響應(yīng)程度，根據(jù)負(fù)荷的特點(diǎn)對負(fù)荷進(jìn)行分類，對不同負(fù)荷類型實(shí)施價(jià)格或激勵(lì)型需求響應(yīng)，刺激用戶主動調(diào)整自身的用電方式，積極主動響應(yīng)電力系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行調(diào)控，進(jìn)一步保障電力系統(tǒng)安全可靠的運(yùn)行。 合理制定及實(shí)施需求響應(yīng)策略是需求響應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵，通過建立需求響應(yīng)項(xiàng)目技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)，采用熵權(quán)法對各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行賦權(quán)，再分別根據(jù)運(yùn)行商，電力公司及用戶側(cè)重指標(biāo)的不同對權(quán)重系數(shù)進(jìn)行修正，最后通過最短距離法得到各需求響應(yīng)策略的均距進(jìn)行擇優(yōu)排序，為需求響應(yīng)項(xiàng)目的制定和實(shí)施提供參考和依據(jù)。 根據(jù)我國電力工業(yè)發(fā)展及用戶的電力需求等客觀情況，分時(shí)電價(jià)是激發(fā)需求響應(yīng)的重要措施。傳統(tǒng)的電價(jià)缺乏用戶響應(yīng)，互動需求性未能得到主動體現(xiàn)，本文用需求價(jià)格彈性描述用戶響應(yīng)，基于用戶響應(yīng)建立分時(shí)電價(jià)模型，設(shè)計(jì)最優(yōu)峰平谷電價(jià)，激勵(lì)用戶避峰用電參與電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰。這一定價(jià)方案既可明顯改善符合曲線，又能合理的考慮用戶的用電需求。 針對智能用電中強(qiáng)調(diào)的電網(wǎng)與用戶的靈活互動，在分時(shí)電價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合智能用電和智能家居的相關(guān)技術(shù)背景，充分考慮用戶用電需求和習(xí)慣，對家庭用戶智能家居的可控負(fù)荷建立負(fù)荷模型，以用戶可控負(fù)荷的電能消耗費(fèi)用最小化為目標(biāo)函數(shù)建立用戶在分時(shí)電價(jià)下用電策略模型，論文提出將每小時(shí)分成等份的時(shí)間段數(shù)既考慮了實(shí)際用電情況，又增大用戶的調(diào)度空間。模型在保證用戶用電需求下有效地減少了用戶的電費(fèi)支出，實(shí)現(xiàn)了用戶的主動參與及與電網(wǎng)的互動，通過引導(dǎo)輔助用戶能源優(yōu)化管理提高了用戶對價(jià)格信號的響應(yīng)程度，進(jìn)一步改善了負(fù)荷曲線，優(yōu)化了供應(yīng)側(cè)和需求側(cè)資源的合理配置。
[Abstract]:With the development of smart grid in China, the reliability and energy efficiency of power grid are becoming more and more important. As an inevitable development trend of power use, smart power consumption is an important part of smart grid. Its core feature is the flexible two-way interaction between power grid and users, and demand response is one of the most important ways to realize energy use interaction. Through price or incentive to guide users to change the load to participate in the peak adjustment of the grid, through the user actively participate in the optimization of the mode of electricity to increase the role of the demand side in the electricity market. For this purpose, this paper studies and analyzes the formulation and implementation of demand response strategy and the response behavior of users under the background of the development of intelligent power consumption. Firstly, the mechanism of requirement response is analyzed, and the premise of requirement response is user response. On the basis of user's interests, a demand response model is established to analyze the influencing factors of demand response. By means of price and incentive to stimulate the user response degree, according to the characteristics of the load to classify the load, to carry out price or incentive demand response to different load types, to stimulate the user to adjust their own power consumption actively. Actively respond to the operation of the power system, and further ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Rational formulation and implementation of demand response strategy is the key to demand response. Through the establishment of technical and economic indicators of demand response project, the entropy weight method is used to empower each index, and then according to the operator, The power companies and users focus on the different indexes to modify the weight coefficient. Finally, through the shortest distance method, the average distance of each demand response strategy is selected and sorted, which provides the reference and basis for the formulation and implementation of the demand response project. According to the development of the electric power industry and the electricity demand of the customers in our country, the time-sharing price is an important measure to stimulate the demand response. The traditional electricity price is short of user response, and the interactive demand is not reflected actively. In this paper, the demand price elasticity is used to describe the user response. Based on the user response, the time-sharing price model is established to design the optimal peak and valley price. Encourage users to avoid peak electricity to participate in the power grid peak regulation. This pricing scheme can not only improve the curve obviously, but also consider the demand of users reasonably. In view of the flexible interaction between the power grid and the user, which is emphasized in the intelligent power consumption, on the basis of time-sharing electricity price, combining with the relevant technical background of intelligent electricity consumption and smart home, fully consider the user's demand and habit of electricity, The load model is established for the controlled load of the home smart home. The power consumption cost minimization of the user controllable load is taken as the objective function to establish the power consumption strategy model under the time-sharing price. In this paper, it is proposed that the number of hours divided into equal parts not only takes into account the actual power consumption, but also increases the scheduling space of the users. The model can effectively reduce the user's electricity expenditure, realize the user's active participation and the interaction with the power grid, and improve the user's response to the price signal by guiding the auxiliary user's energy optimization management. The load curve is further improved and the rational allocation of supply side and demand side resources is optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM73

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