【摘要】：超級(jí)電容器又被稱為電化學(xué)電容器,是一種介于傳統(tǒng)電容器和二次電池之間的新型儲(chǔ)能器件。由于具有功率密度高、循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)、快速充放電,使用溫度范圍寬,綠色環(huán)保等特性,在許多領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著便攜式電子產(chǎn)品在日常生活中變得越來(lái)越普遍,開(kāi)發(fā)一種同時(shí)具有超薄性、柔韌性、輕便性、環(huán)保性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的高效電化學(xué)電容器成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。電極材料是電化學(xué)電容器的重要成分之一,它決定著電容器的主要性能指標(biāo)。在制備超級(jí)電容器電極材料的過(guò)程中,承載著電活性物質(zhì)的基底材料同樣占據(jù)著重要的地位。本文以聚吡咯、碳納米管和石墨烯為電活性材料,通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的原位氣相聚合和浸漬方法將活性材料負(fù)載于不同的柔性基底上,制備出柔軟的導(dǎo)電復(fù)合材料,并對(duì)材料的電容性能進(jìn)行研究。(1)首先利用浸泡-干燥的方法把碳納米管負(fù)載在三聚氰胺海綿上,制成碳納米管/三聚氰胺復(fù)合膜材料,再將制得的膜吸附上三氯化鐵-乙腈溶液,然后在室溫下通過(guò)原位化學(xué)氧化聚合法制備聚吡咯/碳納米管/三聚氰胺復(fù)合材料。為了增加復(fù)合材料的導(dǎo)電性,再一次把碳納米管負(fù)載于復(fù)合材料聚吡咯/碳納米管/三聚氰胺之上,從而制得復(fù)合材料碳納米管/聚吡咯/碳納米管/三聚氰胺。通過(guò)電子掃描顯微鏡(SEM)觀察形貌,X-射線衍射(XRD)對(duì)復(fù)合物的組成進(jìn)行表征,用循環(huán)伏安法(CV),恒電流充放電(CD),和電化學(xué)阻抗(EIS)研究其電容性能。結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合材料碳納米管/聚吡咯/碳納米管/三聚氰胺具有更好的電容性能,整個(gè)電極的比電容為184F g-1,而基于活性物質(zhì)的最大比電容可達(dá)到262 F g-1。(2)首先將無(wú)紡布浸泡在已經(jīng)配制好的氧化石墨烯(GO)和鹽酸羥胺的混合溶液中,取出并置于130℃的烘箱中利用鹽酸羥胺把GO還原為石墨烯(rGO),得到復(fù)合薄膜材料石墨烯/無(wú)紡布,再把復(fù)合薄膜浸泡在作為氧化劑的三氯化鐵-乙腈溶液中,取出后,在室溫下通過(guò)原位化學(xué)氧化聚合法制備出復(fù)合材料聚吡咯/石墨烯/無(wú)紡布,最后利用浸泡-干燥的方法使得碳納米管負(fù)載在聚吡咯上得到復(fù)合材料碳納米管/聚吡咯/石墨烯/無(wú)紡布,通過(guò)X射線光電子能譜(XPS)和SEM對(duì)復(fù)合材料的元素和表面形貌進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)CV,CD,和EIS法研究了復(fù)合材料的電容性能。結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合材料碳納米管/聚毗咯/石墨烯/無(wú)紡布更適合用于柔性電化學(xué)電容器的電極材料,最大比電容可達(dá)319 Fg-1,而且循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好,掃描速度80 mV s-1時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)1000圈的循環(huán)與初始比電容相比,僅下降了5.5%。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are new energy storage devices between conventional capacitors and secondary batteries. Because of its high power density, long cycle life, rapid charge and discharge, wide temperature range, green environmental protection and so on, it has been widely used in many fields. With the increasing popularity of portable electronic products in daily life, the development of an efficient electrochemical capacitor with the advantages of ultra-thin, flexible, portable and environmentally friendly has become one of the hot spots in the current research. Electrode material is one of the important components of electrochemical capacitors, which determines the main performance of capacitors. In the process of preparing electrode materials for supercapacitors, the substrate materials carrying electrically active substances also occupy an important position. In this paper, using polypyrrole, carbon nanotubes and graphene as electrically active materials, soft conductive composites were prepared by in situ vapor phase polymerization and impregnation. The capacitive properties of the materials were studied. (1) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were loaded on melamine sponge by soaking and drying method to make carbon nanotubes / melamine composite membrane materials. The membranes were adsorbed on ferric chloride-acetonitrile solution and then polypyrrole / carbon nanotubes / melamine composites were prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization at room temperature. In order to increase the electrical conductivity of the composites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were once again loaded on the polypyrrole / carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / melamine (melamine), and the composite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) / polypyrrole / CNTs / melamine were prepared. The composition of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capacitive properties of the composite were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV),) constant current charge-discharge (CD), and electrochemical impedance (EIS) (EIS). The results show that the composite carbon nanotubes / polypyrrole / carbon nanotubes / melamine have better capacitive properties. The specific capacitance of the whole electrode is 184F g-1, while the maximum specific capacitance based on active substances can reach 262F g-1. (2) the non-woven cloth is first immersed in the mixed solution of graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, which has been prepared. GO was reduced to graphene (rGO), by hydroxylamine hydrochloride in oven at 130 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2290462