【摘要】：微電網(wǎng)作為智能電網(wǎng)的重要組成部分，，可靈活高效地利用分布式電源及儲能設(shè)備，但是，其在帶來節(jié)能環(huán)保的同時(shí)也帶來一系列運(yùn)行和控制等方面的問題。同時(shí)，這些靈活的運(yùn)行方式和復(fù)雜的運(yùn)行特性也給微電網(wǎng)的可靠性評估帶來挑戰(zhàn)。本文通過建立風(fēng)電機(jī)組時(shí)序出力模型、儲能時(shí)序充放電模型和微電網(wǎng)元件兩狀態(tài)模型，基于時(shí)序蒙特卡洛模擬法分別對孤島型微電網(wǎng)和并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行可靠性分析。 分析孤島型微電網(wǎng)的可靠性評估特性，對系統(tǒng)孤島時(shí)序運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行模擬，提出孤島模式的負(fù)荷削減策略和儲能運(yùn)行策略。計(jì)及微電網(wǎng)元件狀態(tài)、外界環(huán)境影響及分布式電源運(yùn)行特性等因素，分析了孤島型微電網(wǎng)的可靠性評估特性；負(fù)荷削減策略綜合考慮了負(fù)荷重要程度及位置兩方面因素，體現(xiàn)了微電網(wǎng)重要用戶的用電需求；從儲能平滑風(fēng)電機(jī)組出力、計(jì)及風(fēng)能滲透率約束以及最大程度避免負(fù)荷削減的角度，研究了孤島型微電網(wǎng)中儲能的三種運(yùn)行策略。結(jié)果表明：計(jì)及可靠性評估特性的算法可較為準(zhǔn)確地評估孤島型微電網(wǎng)的供電能力，孤島模式的負(fù)荷削減策略和儲能運(yùn)行策略對系統(tǒng)及負(fù)荷的可靠性影響較大。 分析并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)中并網(wǎng)與孤島兩種運(yùn)行方式的生成過程，提出并網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)控制策略和新的微電網(wǎng)可靠性指標(biāo)。計(jì)及并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)元件的故障影響范圍，基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)遍歷搜索分析了并網(wǎng)和孤島兩種運(yùn)行方式的生成過程；基于外網(wǎng)和微電網(wǎng)的出力模式，提出了并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行方式的協(xié)調(diào)控制策略；針對不同運(yùn)行方式的切換和微電網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行特性，提出了孤島平均首次持續(xù)運(yùn)行時(shí)間和運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定率可靠性指標(biāo)以評估其供電能力。結(jié)果表明：微電網(wǎng)的接入能有效提高配電系統(tǒng)的可靠性，計(jì)及并網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)控制策略和不同運(yùn)行方式的切換對并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的可靠性評估有重大價(jià)值。 在微電網(wǎng)可靠性分析的基礎(chǔ)上，計(jì)及風(fēng)速、負(fù)荷、風(fēng)能滲透率和儲能容量等因素的變化對孤島型微電網(wǎng)的系統(tǒng)可靠性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行靈敏度分析；研究并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)可靠性指標(biāo)隨儲能容量和儲能故障率的變化規(guī)律；最后分析微電源不同接入位置對配電系統(tǒng)可靠性的影響。結(jié)果表明：隨著風(fēng)速的增加、負(fù)荷水平的降低、風(fēng)能滲透率的提高和儲能容量的增大，孤島型微電網(wǎng)可靠性改善明顯；隨著儲能容量的增加和故障率的降低，并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)可靠性指標(biāo)逐漸提高；微電源的接入位置對配電系統(tǒng)可靠性有一定影響，為微電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃提供了參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:As an important part of smart grid, microgrid can utilize distributed generation and energy storage equipment flexibly and efficiently. However, it not only brings energy saving and environmental protection, but also brings a series of problems in operation and control. At the same time, these flexible operation modes and complex operation characteristics also bring challenges to the reliability evaluation of microgrid. In this paper, based on the time series Monte Carlo simulation method, the reliability analysis of isolated microgrid and grid-connected microgrid is carried out by establishing the time series output model, energy storage time series charge and discharge model and microgrid element two-state model. This paper analyzes the reliability evaluation characteristics of isolated microgrid, simulates the operation state of isolated island time series, and puts forward load reduction strategy and energy storage operation strategy of islanding mode. Taking into account the state of microgrid components, the external environment and the operation characteristics of distributed generation, the reliability evaluation characteristics of isolated microgrid are analyzed, and the load reduction strategy takes into account two factors, namely, the importance of load and the position of load, and so on. From the point of view of energy storage smoothing wind turbine generation, considering wind power permeability constraints and avoiding load reduction to the greatest extent, three operation strategies of energy storage in isolated microgrid are studied. The results show that the algorithm can accurately evaluate the power supply capacity of isolated microgrid, and the load reduction strategy and energy storage operation strategy of isolated island mode have great influence on the reliability of the system and load. The generation process of two operation modes of grid-connected and isolated island in grid-connected microgrid is analyzed, and the coordinated control strategy and new reliability index of microgrid are put forward. Considering the fault range of grid-connected microgrid elements, the generation process of grid-connected and isolated operation modes is analyzed based on network traversal search, and the coordinated control strategy of grid-connected operation mode is proposed based on the power generation mode of external grid and micro-grid. According to the switching of different operation modes and the operation characteristics of microgrid, the reliability index of the average island first continuous operation time and operation stability rate is proposed to evaluate its power supply capacity. The results show that the access of microgrid can effectively improve the reliability of distribution system. It is of great value to evaluate the reliability of grid-connected microgrid considering the coordinated control strategy of grid-connected network and the switching of different operation modes. Based on the reliability analysis of microgrid, the system reliability index of isolated microgrid is analyzed by taking into account the changes of wind speed, load, wind energy permeability and energy storage capacity. The variation of reliability index of grid-connected microgrid with energy storage capacity and failure rate of energy storage is studied. Finally, the influence of different access positions of micro-power supply on the reliability of distribution system is analyzed. The results show that with the increase of wind speed, the decrease of load level, the increase of wind energy permeability and the increase of energy storage capacity, the reliability of isolated microgrid improves obviously, and with the increase of energy storage capacity and the decrease of failure rate, The reliability index of grid-connected microgrid is improved gradually, and the access position of micro-power has a certain influence on the reliability of distribution system, which provides a reference for microgrid planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM711

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