四種不同構(gòu)架的ZnO一維納米材料的制備及在量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽能電池中的應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-18 14:39
【摘要】：無機(jī)量子點(diǎn)敏化的太陽能電池(QDSCs)，由于其敏化劑具有很好的穩(wěn)定性，不會(huì)隨時(shí)間分解，有可能替代有機(jī)染料的材料。一維氧化鋅材料，由于其具有較高的電荷遷移率，能夠提供一個(gè)直接的電子通道，使得其在敏化太陽能中(SSCs)有很高的研究價(jià)值。 本文采用水熱生長法合成ZnO材料，通過改變實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)，獲得了4種不同構(gòu)架的一維ZnO材料。使用離子吸附反應(yīng)的方法定量的獲得了CdS無機(jī)量子點(diǎn)敏化層，并對合成的ZnO材料的敏化太陽能電池性能進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。本文的主要結(jié)論如下： 5mM的醋酸鋅溶液作育種處理，包含硝酸鋅，HMTA，PEI和氨水的溶液作為生長液，調(diào)控不同的生長溫度和生長時(shí)間，得到樣品。把所得的樣品通過XRD，SEM，EDS等表征，表征結(jié)果顯示所得的4種樣品分別為纖鋅礦結(jié)構(gòu)的ZnO納米棒陣列、納米管陣列、納米森林和納米線構(gòu)成的金字塔。 采用離子吸附-反應(yīng)沉積的方法，通過控制吸附-反應(yīng)的次數(shù)來得到不同量的無機(jī)CdS量子點(diǎn)沉積，通過制備電池已電池轉(zhuǎn)化效率作為指標(biāo)，選擇了不同樣品最佳的沉積的次數(shù)，ZnO納米棒為40次，納米管為35次，納米森林為30次，納米線構(gòu)成的金字塔為30次。通過對不同沉積量的ZnO納米棒陣列的電池的暗電流性能分析，結(jié)果表明：光生電子與電解液的復(fù)合場所主要發(fā)生在未被CdS沉積的ZnO表面。 利用4種構(gòu)架的ZnO一維納米材料作為敏化電池的光陽極，制備了敏化太陽能電池，得到了最佳量子點(diǎn)沉積下的太陽能電池的轉(zhuǎn)化效率分別如下。ZnO納米棒陣列：0.50％；ZnO納米管陣列：1.08％；ZnO納米森林：1.34％；ZnO線構(gòu)成的金字塔：1.60％。 ④通過對純的4種構(gòu)架的ZnO樣品進(jìn)行光吸收和反射譜分析，，結(jié)果表明：ZnO線構(gòu)成的金字塔具有相對較高的光吸收特性和較好的抗反特性，通過對樣品進(jìn)行BET測試分析，結(jié)果表明ZnO線構(gòu)成的金字塔具有較高的比表面積和孔隙率，這樣的特性有利于量子點(diǎn)的沉積和光的吸收。通過對最佳沉積CdS量的4種構(gòu)架的ZnO樣品進(jìn)行光吸收譜分析，結(jié)果表明：ZnO線構(gòu)成的金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)搭載的CdS量子點(diǎn)具有更高的光吸收特性。這樣更有利于光電子的產(chǎn)生。 ⑤通過對基于這4種一維構(gòu)架的ZnO電池的暗電流、光電壓衰減及其得到的光電子壽命曲線測試分析，結(jié)果表明：基于ZnO線構(gòu)成的金字塔的無機(jī)CdS量子敏化太陽電池具有較小的暗電流特性，和較長的光電子壽命。這說明ZnO線構(gòu)成的金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)能夠更好的沉積無機(jī)CdS量子點(diǎn)在其表面，從而減少光生電子在ZnO表面與電解液的復(fù)合。 ⑥通過對以上特性的分析總結(jié)，得出對于基于一維ZnO材料的無機(jī)量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽能電池，通過不同的一維構(gòu)架來獲得較大的比表面積，通過控制CdS的沉積量來減少光生電子與電解液的復(fù)合能夠極有效的提高太陽能電池的轉(zhuǎn)化效率。
[Abstract]:The inorganic quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSCs), has good stability and will not decompose with time, so it is possible to replace the organic dyestuff material. Because of its high charge mobility, one-dimensional zinc oxide can provide a direct electron channel, which makes it valuable to study (SSCs) in sensitized solar energy. In this paper, ZnO materials were synthesized by hydrothermal growth method. By changing the experimental parameters, four kinds of one-dimensional ZnO materials with different structures were obtained. The sensitized layer of CdS inorganic quantum dots was obtained quantitatively by ion adsorption reaction, and the sensitized solar cell performance of the synthesized ZnO materials was systematically studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the zinc acetate solution of 5mM was used as breeding treatment, and the solution containing zinc nitrate, HMTA,PEI and ammonia solution was used as growth solution to regulate the growth temperature and growth time to obtain the sample. The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,EDS, and the results showed that the four samples were wurtzite ZnO nanorod arrays, nanotube arrays, forest nanowires and nanowires, respectively. Different amounts of inorganic CdS quantum dots were obtained by controlling the times of adsorption-reaction by ion adsorption-reaction deposition, and the conversion efficiency of batteries was used as the index. The optimum deposition times for different samples were 40 times for ZnO nanorods, 35 times for nanotubes, 30 times for forest nanowires and 30 times for pyramids formed by nanowires. The dark current properties of ZnO nanorod arrays with different deposition amounts were analyzed. The results show that the composite sites of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte mainly occur on the surface of ZnO which is not deposited by CdS. The sensitized solar cells were prepared by using four kinds of ZnO one-dimensional nanomaterials as the photoanode of the sensitized cells. The conversion efficiency of the solar cells deposited by the best quantum dots was obtained as follows: ZnO nanorods array: 0.50 nm array; ZnO nanotube arrays: 1.08b. ZnO nanospheres: a pyramid of 1.34ZnO wires: 1.60. by analyzing the light absorption and reflectance spectra of pure ZnO samples of four different structures, The results show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have relatively high light absorption characteristics and good anti-inversion properties. The results of BET analysis of the samples show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have higher specific surface area and porosity. This property is conducive to the deposition of quantum dots and the absorption of light. The optical absorption spectra of four kinds of ZnO samples with the best deposition amount of CdS were analyzed. The results show that the CdS quantum dots with pyramid structure formed by ZnO line have higher optical absorption characteristics. This is more conducive to the generation of photoelectrons. 5 by measuring and analyzing the dark current, photovoltage attenuation and photoelectron lifetime curves of ZnO cells based on these four kinds of one-dimensional frames, The results show that the pyramidal inorganic CdS quantum sensitized solar cells based on ZnO wires have smaller dark current characteristics and longer photoelectron lifetime. This shows that the pyramidal structure of ZnO lines can better deposit inorganic CdS quantum dots on its surface, thus reducing the combination of photogenerated electrons on the surface of ZnO and electrolyte. The results show that inorganic quantum dots sensitized solar cells based on one-dimensional ZnO materials can obtain larger specific surface area through different one-dimensional frames. The conversion efficiency of solar cells can be greatly improved by controlling the deposition amount of CdS to reduce the combination of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.4;TB383.1
本文編號：2279434
[Abstract]:The inorganic quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSCs), has good stability and will not decompose with time, so it is possible to replace the organic dyestuff material. Because of its high charge mobility, one-dimensional zinc oxide can provide a direct electron channel, which makes it valuable to study (SSCs) in sensitized solar energy. In this paper, ZnO materials were synthesized by hydrothermal growth method. By changing the experimental parameters, four kinds of one-dimensional ZnO materials with different structures were obtained. The sensitized layer of CdS inorganic quantum dots was obtained quantitatively by ion adsorption reaction, and the sensitized solar cell performance of the synthesized ZnO materials was systematically studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the zinc acetate solution of 5mM was used as breeding treatment, and the solution containing zinc nitrate, HMTA,PEI and ammonia solution was used as growth solution to regulate the growth temperature and growth time to obtain the sample. The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,EDS, and the results showed that the four samples were wurtzite ZnO nanorod arrays, nanotube arrays, forest nanowires and nanowires, respectively. Different amounts of inorganic CdS quantum dots were obtained by controlling the times of adsorption-reaction by ion adsorption-reaction deposition, and the conversion efficiency of batteries was used as the index. The optimum deposition times for different samples were 40 times for ZnO nanorods, 35 times for nanotubes, 30 times for forest nanowires and 30 times for pyramids formed by nanowires. The dark current properties of ZnO nanorod arrays with different deposition amounts were analyzed. The results show that the composite sites of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte mainly occur on the surface of ZnO which is not deposited by CdS. The sensitized solar cells were prepared by using four kinds of ZnO one-dimensional nanomaterials as the photoanode of the sensitized cells. The conversion efficiency of the solar cells deposited by the best quantum dots was obtained as follows: ZnO nanorods array: 0.50 nm array; ZnO nanotube arrays: 1.08b. ZnO nanospheres: a pyramid of 1.34ZnO wires: 1.60. by analyzing the light absorption and reflectance spectra of pure ZnO samples of four different structures, The results show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have relatively high light absorption characteristics and good anti-inversion properties. The results of BET analysis of the samples show that the pyramids formed by ZnO lines have higher specific surface area and porosity. This property is conducive to the deposition of quantum dots and the absorption of light. The optical absorption spectra of four kinds of ZnO samples with the best deposition amount of CdS were analyzed. The results show that the CdS quantum dots with pyramid structure formed by ZnO line have higher optical absorption characteristics. This is more conducive to the generation of photoelectrons. 5 by measuring and analyzing the dark current, photovoltage attenuation and photoelectron lifetime curves of ZnO cells based on these four kinds of one-dimensional frames, The results show that the pyramidal inorganic CdS quantum sensitized solar cells based on ZnO wires have smaller dark current characteristics and longer photoelectron lifetime. This shows that the pyramidal structure of ZnO lines can better deposit inorganic CdS quantum dots on its surface, thus reducing the combination of photogenerated electrons on the surface of ZnO and electrolyte. The results show that inorganic quantum dots sensitized solar cells based on one-dimensional ZnO materials can obtain larger specific surface area through different one-dimensional frames. The conversion efficiency of solar cells can be greatly improved by controlling the deposition amount of CdS to reduce the combination of photogenerated electrons and electrolyte.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.4;TB383.1
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