【摘要】：風(fēng)能是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的可再生能源,為了大規(guī)模有效地利用風(fēng)力發(fā)電,風(fēng)電場(chǎng)必須并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行,然而由于風(fēng)能的強(qiáng)隨機(jī)性,大規(guī)模風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)后會(huì)給電網(wǎng)的頻率穩(wěn)定、電壓穩(wěn)定以及電能質(zhì)量帶來不利的影響。電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)具有快速的有功/無功吞吐能力,應(yīng)用到風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)中,可以平滑風(fēng)電功率波動(dòng),也可以給風(fēng)電場(chǎng)提供一定的無功支持,參與風(fēng)電場(chǎng)公共接入點(diǎn)的自動(dòng)電壓控制。然而由于電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)一直沒有有效可行的標(biāo)幺化方法,在研究并網(wǎng)電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)時(shí),只能用有名值模型研究儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng),給分析帶來較多不便。因此,本文針對(duì)上述問題,進(jìn)行了以下研究工作： 第一,本文根據(jù)電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的有名值模型,將電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的變流器近似為變比等于調(diào)制比的理想變壓器,建立了電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)幺化模型,給出了標(biāo)幺化的等值電路,分析了其開環(huán)響應(yīng)特性,并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的直接功率控制器。 第二,將電池儲(chǔ)能應(yīng)用到風(fēng)電功率平滑后,考慮到風(fēng)電功率的波動(dòng)性以及儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)特性,本文對(duì)風(fēng)電功率進(jìn)行了灰色超短期預(yù)測(cè),并采用低通濾波作為基本濾波控制方法,結(jié)合蓄電池的荷電狀態(tài)和風(fēng)機(jī)輸出功率的變化值,設(shè)計(jì)了模糊控制器,可調(diào)節(jié)濾波時(shí)間常數(shù),逐漸改變電池輸出功率,使荷電狀態(tài)穩(wěn)定在限定范圍內(nèi)的同時(shí),盡可能地平滑風(fēng)機(jī)的輸出功率。 第三,在風(fēng)電場(chǎng)公共接入點(diǎn)AVC的應(yīng)用中,本文參考常規(guī)變電站綜合無功控制的九區(qū)法和五區(qū)法原理,通過一定的線性化處理,建立了風(fēng)電場(chǎng)運(yùn)行的五區(qū)圖,按照分層原則將AVC系統(tǒng)分為整定計(jì)算層、控制決策層和BESS控制模塊,并設(shè)計(jì)了基于BESS的風(fēng)電場(chǎng)AVC控制策略。 第四,本文在SIMULINK環(huán)境下建立了雙饋風(fēng)機(jī)和BESS的仿真模型,并進(jìn)行了基于BESS的風(fēng)電場(chǎng)有功平滑和AVC仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明應(yīng)用本文設(shè)計(jì)的有功平滑和AVC控制策略,可以有效平抑風(fēng)電功率波動(dòng),在AVC中可以使風(fēng)電場(chǎng)公共接入點(diǎn)的電壓-無功保持在期望的狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is the most widely used renewable energy at present. In order to make full use of wind power generation on a large scale, wind farm must be grid-connected. However, because of the strong randomness of wind energy, the frequency of large-scale wind power grid will be stable after grid connection. Voltage stability and power quality have a negative impact. The battery energy storage system has the ability of quick active / reactive power huff and puff. When applied to wind power grid, it can smooth the fluctuation of wind power, provide certain reactive power support to wind farm, and participate in the automatic voltage control of public access point of wind farm. However, since there has been no effective and feasible standardization method for battery energy storage system, in the study of grid-connected battery energy storage system, we can only use the named value model to study the energy storage system, which brings more inconvenience to the analysis. Therefore, the following research work has been done in this paper: firstly, according to the famous value model of battery energy storage system, the converter of battery energy storage system is approximate to an ideal transformer with variable ratio equal to modulation ratio. The standard unitary model of battery energy storage system is established, the equivalent circuit of standardization is given, the open-loop response characteristic is analyzed, and the direct power controller of battery energy storage system is designed. Secondly, after the battery energy storage is applied to the wind power smoothing, considering the fluctuation of the wind power and the response characteristics of the energy storage system, the grey ultra-short term prediction of the wind power is carried out in this paper. Using low pass filter as the basic filter control method, combined with the charge state of battery and the change value of fan output power, a fuzzy controller is designed, which can adjust the filter time constant, and gradually change the battery output power. The state of charge is stabilized within a limited range, and the output power of the fan is smoothed as much as possible. Thirdly, in the application of AVC, a five-zone diagram of wind farm operation is established by referring to the principle of nine-zone method and five-zone method of integrated reactive power control in conventional substations. According to the principle of stratification, the AVC system is divided into four layers: setting calculation layer, control decision layer and BESS control module. The AVC control strategy of wind farm based on BESS is designed. Fourthly, the simulation model of doubly-fed fan and BESS is established in SIMULINK environment, and the active power smoothing and AVC simulation of wind farm based on BESS are carried out. The simulation results show that the active power smoothing and AVC control strategy designed in this paper can effectively suppress the fluctuation of wind power and keep the voltage-reactive power of the common access point of wind farm in the desired state in AVC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM614

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