【摘要】：由于石油資源日趨短缺，并且燃燒石油的內(nèi)燃機(jī)尾氣排放對環(huán)境的污染越來越嚴(yán)重，促使人們研究替代石油的新型能源裝置。對于化學(xué)電源的研究成為研究熱點(diǎn)并取得了一定的成果，超級電容器以其優(yōu)異的電特性而可以部分或全部替代傳統(tǒng)的汽油用于車輛的牽引和啟動。除此之外，超級電容器具有比傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)電池更加廣泛的用途。在超級電容器研究中，開發(fā)高比容量的電極材料具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和理論意義。 目前超級電容器研究最多的是炭材料，如活性炭、介孔炭、炭纖維、碳納米管、石墨烯等，但這些炭材料存在著各自的缺點(diǎn)。碳納米管、石墨烯作為新型的炭材料受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。雖然碳納米管、石墨烯是由石墨片層組成，并具有良好的導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱等性能，但其密度遠(yuǎn)小于石墨類材料。將碳納米管、石墨烯與活性炭復(fù)合，發(fā)揮二者各自的優(yōu)良特征，改進(jìn)電極材料的導(dǎo)電性，將有利于獲得高的能量密度和功率密度性能。 氮化碳是人工合成的晶體材料，具有類似于石墨的片層結(jié)構(gòu)、大的比表面積、強(qiáng)吸附能力、熱穩(wěn)定性好、這些優(yōu)異性能使其在機(jī)械、光學(xué)和電子材料等領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的潛在應(yīng)用前景。本文研究的主要內(nèi)容： (1)采用Hummer法，制備氧化石墨，并優(yōu)化制備條件。結(jié)果表明，KMnO4和H2SO4用量對氧化石墨的形貌影響最大。加入量不足或過量都將使氧化石墨呈現(xiàn)絮狀團(tuán)聚體。電化學(xué)性能顯示，氧化石墨具有良好的電容特征、功率放電和循環(huán)性能。 (2)在活性炭中分別添加氧化石墨和碳納米管，考察氧化石墨和碳納米管改進(jìn)活性炭電極的導(dǎo)電性對電化學(xué)性能的影響。電化學(xué)性能測試結(jié)果顯示，氧化石墨和碳納米管對改進(jìn)活性炭導(dǎo)電性的作用基本相似。電極導(dǎo)電性隨著二者加入量的增加而增加，，電化學(xué)性能優(yōu)于活性炭。當(dāng)氧化石墨和碳納米管的加入量為5wt%時(shí)，具有最好的電容特征、最大的響應(yīng)電流密度、獲得最大的容量。同時(shí)比較氧化石墨和碳納米管的加入量為5wt%時(shí)，電化學(xué)性能的差別。發(fā)現(xiàn)碳納米管對改進(jìn)活性炭的電化學(xué)性能作用優(yōu)于氧化石墨。 (3)以雙氰胺為原料，制備塊體和層狀類石墨烯氮化碳。將其與碳納米管復(fù)合，作為超級電容器的電極材料，分析其電化學(xué)性能。結(jié)果顯示，N2吸附容量隨著碳納米管加入量的增加而增加。在塊體氮化碳中加入50wt%碳納米管，可獲得最好的電化學(xué)性能；而在層狀氮化碳中加入25wt%碳納米管，可獲得最好的電化學(xué)性能，表明層狀氮化碳結(jié)構(gòu)在應(yīng)用方面將優(yōu)于塊體氮化碳。
[Abstract]:Because of the increasingly shortage of petroleum resources and the pollution of the environment caused by the exhaust gas from the combustion engine, people are studying new energy devices instead of oil. The research of chemical power supply has become a research hotspot and has achieved certain results. Because of its excellent electrical characteristics, supercapacitors can partly or wholly replace traditional gasoline for vehicle traction and start. In addition, supercapacitors have a wider range of uses than conventional chemical batteries. In the study of supercapacitors, the development of high specific capacity electrode materials has important application value and theoretical significance. At present, carbon materials, such as activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphene and so on, are the most studied supercapacitors, but these carbon materials have their own shortcomings. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (graphene) have attracted much attention as new carbon materials. Although carbon nanotubes graphene is composed of graphite laminates and has good conductivity and thermal conductivity its density is much smaller than that of graphite materials. Carbon nanotubes, graphene and activated carbon were combined to give play to their respective excellent characteristics and to improve the conductivity of electrode materials, which would benefit to obtain high energy and power density properties. Carbon nitride is a synthetic crystalline material, with a lamellar structure similar to graphite, large specific surface area, strong adsorption ability, good thermal stability, these excellent properties make it in mechanical, Optical and electronic materials and other fields have a wide range of potential applications. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Graphite oxide was prepared by Hummer method and the preparation conditions were optimized. The results showed that the content of KMnO4 and H2SO4 had the greatest influence on the morphology of graphite oxide. Insufficient or excessive addition of graphite oxide will result in flocculent aggregates. Electrochemical properties show that graphite oxide has good capacitance, power discharge and cyclic properties. (2) addition of graphite oxide and carbon nanotubes into activated carbon, The effect of graphite oxide and carbon nanotubes on the electrochemical properties of activated carbon electrode was investigated. The results of electrochemical performance test showed that graphite oxide and carbon nanotubes had similar effects on improving the conductivity of activated carbon. The conductivity of the electrode increases with the increase of the content of the two, and the electrochemical performance is better than that of the activated carbon. When the addition amount of graphite oxide and carbon nanotube is 5 wt%, it has the best capacitance characteristic, the maximum response current density and the maximum capacity. At the same time, the difference of electrochemical properties of graphite oxide and carbon nanotubes was compared when the addition amount of graphite oxide and carbon nanotubes was 5 wt%. It was found that the electrochemical performance of carbon nanotubes was better than that of graphite oxide. (3) bulk and layered graphene nitride was prepared from dicyandiamide. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as electrode materials for supercapacitors and their electrochemical properties were analyzed. The results show that the N _ 2 adsorption capacity increases with the addition of carbon nanotubes. The best electrochemical performance can be obtained by adding 50wt% carbon nanotubes to bulk carbon nitride, and by adding 25wt% carbon nanotubes to layered carbon nitride. The results show that the structure of layered carbon nitride is better than that of bulk carbon nitride in application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM53

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