【摘要】：近幾年，微電子技術(shù)和無線通訊技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，便攜式低功耗設(shè)備逐漸走入我們的生活。然而以化學(xué)電池為主的傳統(tǒng)供電方式存在諸多弊端，如電量有限、需要定期充電、污染環(huán)境等，一些設(shè)備如海上浮標(biāo)、海下探測儀等由于安裝地點(diǎn)的限制難以定期充電和更換電池，如何為這些低功耗設(shè)備提供穩(wěn)定的電能成為亟待解決的問題。目前，研究人員已經(jīng)開發(fā)了多種利用太陽能、風(fēng)能、海浪能、人體運(yùn)動能的能量采集裝置，均難以直接獲得持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的電能。 本文提出了一種新型擺動式機(jī)械能俘能裝置，不僅能夠收集周圍環(huán)境中隨機(jī)性強(qiáng)、波動大的能量，還能為微型發(fā)電機(jī)提供穩(wěn)定的轉(zhuǎn)速，以獲得穩(wěn)定的電能。該俘能裝置由扭轉(zhuǎn)彈簧擰緊機(jī)構(gòu)、擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動輪系等部分組成，在外部激勵下能夠依靠擺錘的慣性收集周圍環(huán)境中的動能和位能。其中扭簧擰緊機(jī)構(gòu)能夠?qū)[錘的雙向擺動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕せ傻膯蜗驍Q緊運(yùn)動。擰緊的扭簧能夠輸出相對穩(wěn)定的轉(zhuǎn)矩，因此環(huán)境中隨機(jī)的、波動幅度較大的能量被轉(zhuǎn)化為相對穩(wěn)定的扭簧勢能。在擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)的控制下，扭簧勢能以一定速率釋放，經(jīng)過加速輪系提速后通過單向離合器帶動微型發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)生電能。由于調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)的振動頻率取決于擺輪轉(zhuǎn)動慣量和游絲剛度，通過調(diào)節(jié)游絲剛度可以調(diào)節(jié)擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)頻率，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對輸出轉(zhuǎn)速和輸出功率的控制。 本文首先介紹擺動式機(jī)械能俘能裝置的工作原理和設(shè)計(jì)過程，對關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)鉤形式、安裝與固定方式、位置分布、傳動關(guān)系都進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。接著建立了扭簧擰緊過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型，進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真與動力學(xué)仿真，研究外部激勵與擺錘參數(shù)對扭簧擰緊過程的影響。之后建立了擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)的三體碰撞模型與各工作階段的運(yùn)動方程，進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真與動力學(xué)仿真，，研究了扭簧力矩，游絲剛度等參數(shù)對調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)工作狀況的影響。最后研制了實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)，并應(yīng)用音頻和視頻處理方法研究試驗(yàn)中游絲長度、扭簧力矩對擺輪運(yùn)動頻率、幅值的影響。由于時(shí)間緊迫，暫時(shí)未能完成對裝置的發(fā)電性能的研究，將來將繼續(xù)相關(guān)研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of microelectronics and wireless communication technology, portable low-power equipment has gradually entered our life. However, there are many disadvantages in the traditional power supply mode, such as limited power supply, need to be recharged regularly, pollution of the environment, and some equipment such as offshore buoys. Due to the limitation of installation location, it is difficult to charge and replace batteries regularly, so how to provide stable electric energy for these low-power devices becomes an urgent problem to be solved. At present, researchers have developed a variety of energy acquisition devices that use solar, wind, wave and human motion energy, which are difficult to obtain sustained and stable electric energy directly. In this paper, a new type of oscillating mechanical energy capture device is proposed, which can not only collect the random and fluctuating energy in the surrounding environment, but also provide a stable rotational speed for the miniature generator to obtain stable electric energy. The device is composed of torsion spring tightening mechanism, escapement and speed regulating mechanism, transmission gear train and so on. Under external excitation, the kinetic energy and potential energy in surrounding environment can be collected by means of inertia of pendulum. The torsion spring tightening mechanism can change the two-way swing of the pendulum into one-way tightening motion of the torsion spring. The tightening torsion spring can output relatively stable torque, so the random and fluctuating energy in the environment is converted into the relatively stable torsion spring potential energy. Under the control of escapement and speed regulation mechanism, the potential energy of torsion spring is released at a certain rate, and the electric energy is generated by the unidirectional clutch after accelerating the speed of gear train. Since the vibration frequency of the speed regulating mechanism depends on the moment of inertia and the stiffness of the swinging wheel, the frequency of the escapement speed regulating mechanism can be adjusted by adjusting the swinging wire stiffness, and then the output speed and output power can be controlled. This paper first introduces the working principle and design process of the swing mechanical energy capture device, and introduces in detail the connection form, installation and fixation mode, position distribution and transmission relation of the key mechanism. Then the mathematical model of the torsion spring tightening process is established and the effects of external excitation and pendulum parameters on the torsion spring tightening process are studied by numerical simulation and dynamic simulation. After that, the three-body collision model of escapement speed regulating mechanism and the motion equation of each working stage are established, and the numerical and dynamic simulation are carried out, and the effects of torsion spring moment, filament stiffness and other parameters on the working condition of the speed regulating mechanism are studied. Finally, the experimental prototype is developed, and the effects of filament length and torsion spring moment on the frequency and amplitude of the swing wheel are studied by using audio and video processing methods. Due to the shortage of time, the research on the power generation performance of the plant can not be completed for the time being and will continue to be studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 王穎;吳斌;田冰濤;盛翌航;黃原點(diǎn);陳東生;;用Audition軟件輔助測量彈簧振子的振動周期[J];大學(xué)物理實(shí)驗(yàn);2011年03期

2 崔春莉;;Photoshop軟件在圖像分析中的應(yīng)用[J];電腦開發(fā)與應(yīng)用;2012年12期

3 鄭崇偉;;波浪能、海上風(fēng)能資源開發(fā)前景展望[J];亞熱帶資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2013年04期

4 茅健;傅裕;;機(jī)械手表擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)動力學(xué)分析與仿真[J];機(jī)械科學(xué)與技術(shù);2011年09期

5 代顯智;;實(shí)現(xiàn)低功耗設(shè)備自供電的振動能量采集技術(shù)[J];科技信息;2011年17期

6 陳文創(chuàng);張永良;;筏式波浪能裝置波能轉(zhuǎn)換液壓能效率的數(shù)值研究[J];水力發(fā)電學(xué)報(bào);2013年05期

7 馬云梅;;淺談化學(xué)電池的危害與回收利用[J];陜西教育(高教版);2011年Z1期

8 王佩紅;戴旭涵;趙小林;;微型電磁式振動能量采集器的研究進(jìn)展[J];振動與沖擊;2007年09期

9 石新燕;李美霞;;人體運(yùn)動能耗分配關(guān)系的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];西安體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2012年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 張大海;浮力擺式波浪能發(fā)電裝置關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2011年

2 肖文平;擺式波浪發(fā)電系統(tǒng)建模與功率控制關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2011年

本文編號：2261967