【摘要】：隨著全球能源緊缺和環(huán)境污染等問題的日益嚴(yán)峻,可再生能源(如風(fēng)能、太陽能等)的開發(fā)利用容量也不斷地增加,向一些孤立小島、海上鉆探平臺(tái)等無源負(fù)荷供電以及城市擴(kuò)容等使得采用交流輸電技術(shù)或者采用傳統(tǒng)的直流輸電技術(shù)聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)變得很不經(jīng)濟(jì)。上世紀(jì)90年代后期發(fā)展了新一代直流輸電技術(shù),這種技術(shù)采用基于全控型可關(guān)斷電力電子器件的電壓源換流器(Voltage Source Converter,VSC),是一種更加靈活、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)保的輸電方式,可以有效解決以上問題。 柔性直流輸電的核心是電壓源換流器,電壓源換流器分為兩電平換流器和多電平換流器兩種,其中模塊化多電平換流器(Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC)由于較低的開關(guān)頻率和較好的輸出電壓波形,在柔性直流輸電中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,稱為MMC-HVDC。同采用晶閘管換流技術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)直流輸電相比,MMC-HVDC具有能夠用于海上風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)、分布式電源并網(wǎng)和向無源網(wǎng)絡(luò)供電等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),也是目前學(xué)術(shù)界研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。但是,研究工作多是在理論計(jì)算和數(shù)字仿真的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的,基于物理模擬系統(tǒng)的研究還很少,因此,搭建一套完整的MMC-HVDC物理仿真系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行相關(guān)控制保護(hù)研究顯得格外重要。MMC-HVDC物理模擬系統(tǒng)是新能源電力系統(tǒng)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(華北電力大學(xué))“混合直流輸電平臺(tái)”重點(diǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目之一,基于MMC-HVDC物理模擬系統(tǒng),對一次系統(tǒng)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、控制器架構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)控制策略和子模塊控制器進(jìn)行了研究。 MMC-HVDC采用兩端換流器交流側(cè)出口相接的環(huán)網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)以降低對實(shí)驗(yàn)室電源的要求,按照不同的功能,每端換流器被劃分為電源柜、充電柜、模塊柜和直流柜。系統(tǒng)控制器采用三級結(jié)構(gòu),分別為極控制和保護(hù)系統(tǒng)(Pole ControlProtection system, PCP),閥基控制系統(tǒng)(Valve Basic Controller, VBC)和子模塊控制器(SubModule Controller, SMC),對各級控制實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能和彼此間的協(xié)調(diào)控制策略進(jìn)行了介紹。研究重點(diǎn)是MMC子模塊控制器,首先依照各部分不同的功能介紹了控制器的硬件組成,其次設(shè)計(jì)了SMC和VBC之間的串行通訊協(xié)議和兩者之間采用的協(xié)調(diào)控制策略,再次介紹了子模塊可能發(fā)生的故障和發(fā)生故障后采取的保護(hù)策略。最后設(shè)計(jì)了一套用于MMC子模塊穩(wěn)態(tài)測試所用的測試平臺(tái),對其硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件控制策略進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),作為子模塊的功能試驗(yàn)和質(zhì)量檢測方案。
[Abstract]:As global energy shortages and environmental pollution become increasingly acute, the development and utilization capacity of renewable energy sources (such as wind, solar, etc.) continues to increase, turning to isolated islands, Passive load power supply such as offshore drilling platform and urban expansion make it uneconomical to use AC transmission technology or traditional DC transmission technology. A new generation of HVDC transmission technology was developed in the late 1990s. This technology adopts (Voltage Source Converter,VSC (voltage source converter based on fully controlled turn-off power electronic devices), which is a more flexible, economical and environmentally friendly transmission mode. Can effectively solve the above problems. The core of flexible DC transmission is voltage source converter. Voltage source converter is divided into two types: two-level converter and multilevel converter. The modularized multilevel converter (Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC) has lower switching frequency and better output voltage waveform. It is widely used in flexible DC transmission, called MMC-HVDC. Compared with conventional DC transmission using thyristor converter technology, MMC-HVDC has many advantages such as being used in offshore wind power grid connection, distributed power supply and passive power supply, etc. It is also a hot issue in academic circles. However, the research work is mostly carried out on the basis of theoretical calculation and digital simulation, and the research based on physical simulation system is still few, so, It is very important to build a complete set of MMC-HVDC physical simulation system for related control and protection. MMC-HVDC physical simulation system is the "hybrid DC transmission platform" in the State key Laboratory of New Energy Power system (North China University of Electric Power). One of the key construction projects, Based on MMC-HVDC physical simulation system, the topology and controller architecture of primary system are discussed. The system control strategy and sub-module controller are studied. MMC-HVDC adopts the loop network structure of AC side outlet of the converter to reduce the requirement of laboratory power supply. According to different functions, each terminal converter is divided into power cabinet. Charging cabinets, modular cabinets and DC cabinets. The system controller adopts a three-level structure, which is the pole control and protection system (Pole ControlProtection system, PCP), valve base control system (Valve Basic Controller, VBC) and the sub-module controller (SubModule Controller, SMC), respectively. The functions of each level control and the coordinated control strategy between each other are introduced. The research focus is on the MMC sub-module controller. Firstly, the hardware composition of the controller is introduced according to the different functions of each part. Secondly, the serial communication protocol between SMC and VBC and the coordinated control strategy between them are designed. The possible faults of the sub-module and the protection strategy adopted after the failure are introduced again. Finally, a test platform is designed for the steady-state test of MMC submodule. The hardware structure and software control strategy are designed as the function test and quality testing scheme of the sub-module.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM721.1

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