【摘要】：隨著火電廠節(jié)能降耗工作的開展和對機(jī)組運(yùn)行水平要求的提高,深入開展機(jī)組能耗分析,進(jìn)而達(dá)到機(jī)組優(yōu)化運(yùn)行,實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗,對電廠節(jié)能減排有重要指導(dǎo)意義。 主蒸汽流量對機(jī)組運(yùn)行狀況、性能監(jiān)測、過程控制都起著至關(guān)重要的作用,應(yīng)當(dāng)精確測量。準(zhǔn)確把握汽輪機(jī)流量特性,是實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)組可靠能耗分析的前提。國內(nèi)對低參數(shù)汽輪機(jī)流量特性試驗研究較多,對超臨界參數(shù)汽輪機(jī)進(jìn)行流量特性試驗時流量誤差較大。利用汽輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)級臨界壓比可以提高流量特性的計算精度,準(zhǔn)確得到汽輪機(jī)的主蒸汽流量,將流量誤差控制在1%以內(nèi)。 本文以某600MW超臨界汽輪機(jī)為例,對調(diào)節(jié)級進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地變工況計算,準(zhǔn)確得到汽輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)級的臨界壓比。并研究調(diào)節(jié)級臨界壓比與流量、反動度和速比之間的關(guān)系,分析新蒸汽參數(shù),機(jī)組配汽方式,結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸對調(diào)節(jié)級臨界壓比的影響。得出級臨界壓比是只與調(diào)節(jié)級結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸有關(guān)的常數(shù),與新蒸汽參數(shù)、機(jī)組配汽方式無關(guān)。通過與流量特性試驗、實(shí)際運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)的對比,驗證了臨界壓比特性計算和分析的準(zhǔn)確性。 在此基礎(chǔ)上,對某1000MW超臨界供熱機(jī)組建立耗差計算模型,基于熱力學(xué)法、等效焓降原理定量計算出機(jī)組中可控參數(shù),不可控參數(shù)偏離基準(zhǔn)值所引起的煤耗變化。同時采用炯分析法進(jìn)行定性研究,從本質(zhì)上把握能量損失的原因,真正反映出能量損耗的實(shí)質(zhì),揭示了電廠損失的真實(shí)分布規(guī)律。 通過與電廠實(shí)時數(shù)據(jù)庫連接,可以對熱力系統(tǒng)的主要熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行實(shí)時的在線計算,對影響機(jī)組熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性的運(yùn)行參數(shù)進(jìn)行連續(xù)監(jiān)督和分析,實(shí)時診斷機(jī)組的運(yùn)行能損的分布情況,大大提高了機(jī)組運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。
[Abstract]:With the development of energy-saving and consumption-reducing work in thermal power plants and the improvement of the requirement for the operation level of units, it is of great significance for energy-saving and emission reduction of power plants to carry out in-depth analysis of unit energy consumption so as to optimize the operation of units and achieve energy-saving and consumption-reducing.
The main steam flow plays an important role in the operation condition, performance monitoring and process control of the unit, so it should be measured accurately. Accurate grasp of the flow characteristics of the steam turbine is the premise of realizing the reliable energy consumption analysis of the unit. The calculation accuracy of flow characteristics can be improved by utilizing the critical pressure ratio of turbine regulating stage, and the main steam flow can be obtained accurately, and the flow error can be controlled within 1%.
Taking a 600MW supercritical steam turbine as an example, this paper calculates the critical pressure ratio of the regulating stage in detail and obtains the critical pressure ratio of the regulating stage accurately. The critical pressure ratio is a constant only related to the structural dimension of the regulating stage and has nothing to do with the new steam parameters and the steam distribution mode of the unit.
On this basis, a consumption calculation model for a 1000MW supercritical heat supply unit is established. Based on thermodynamic method and equivalent enthalpy drop principle, the coal consumption changes caused by controllable parameters and uncontrollable parameters deviating from the reference value are calculated quantitatively. The essence of energy loss reveals the true distribution rule of power plant losses.
By connecting with the real-time database of the power plant, the main thermal economic indexes of the thermal system can be calculated on-line in real time, and the operation parameters affecting the thermal economic performance of the unit can be monitored and analyzed continuously. The distribution of the operating energy loss of the unit can be diagnosed in real time, which greatly improves the economic performance of the unit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM621.3

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本文編號：2246462