【摘要】：變壓器是電力系統(tǒng)中最重要的電氣設(shè)備之一，也是導(dǎo)致電力系統(tǒng)事故最多的電氣設(shè)備之一，其運(yùn)行狀態(tài)直接影響電力系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。變壓器運(yùn)行過程中有一部分電能轉(zhuǎn)換為變壓器的熱能，盡管這部分熱能相對整個(gè)變壓器轉(zhuǎn)換的總能量來說很小，但是這部份熱能會使變壓器產(chǎn)生明顯的溫升。這個(gè)溫升將導(dǎo)致變壓器繞組絕緣加速老化進(jìn)而影響變壓器使用壽命。近年來，由于變壓器繞組局部過熱而造成的惡性事故在國內(nèi)外均有發(fā)生。這些事故在給工業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的同時(shí)也對社會造成了巨大的不利影響。因此研究變壓器繞組的溫度，特別是開展對繞組溫度實(shí)時(shí)在線監(jiān)測研究具有十分重要的意義。 本文首先對變壓器各類故障進(jìn)行細(xì)致研究，，分析出繞組超溫運(yùn)行，導(dǎo)致絕緣老化、繞組擊穿、燒毀事故在變壓器故障中占有相當(dāng)大的比例。并著重分析了變壓器繞組故障的原因及影響因素。 其次，對光纖光柵（FBG）繞組測溫的原理進(jìn)行了分析，并將其與目前采用的間接計(jì)算測量法、熱模擬法繞組溫度計(jì)法進(jìn)行了比較。通過實(shí)物對比試驗(yàn)，列出八項(xiàng)對比指標(biāo)，并得出結(jié)論變壓器繞組光纖溫度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)直接地測量繞組熱點(diǎn)溫度，解決了相對于普通繞組溫度計(jì)溫度測量不準(zhǔn)以及不能及時(shí)反映繞組和油溫快速變化的問題。并且光纖溫度在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，安裝方便，可靠性、智能化水平高。 最后，將變壓器繞組光纖溫度在線監(jiān)測裝置在營口花英臺變電站的應(yīng)用及安裝方案的優(yōu)化情況進(jìn)行了介紹。不但將變壓器繞組光纖溫度在線監(jiān)測裝置在安裝前的檢查、安裝過程中的工藝控制和安裝完成后的試驗(yàn)過程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，還提出通過采用墊塊開孔、定位塊固定等措施提高系統(tǒng)測溫準(zhǔn)確度。 本文詳細(xì)闡述了可能導(dǎo)致光纖安裝失敗及影響測量效果的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)及對應(yīng)的控制手段，為國內(nèi)變壓器安裝繞組在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)提供參考。
[Abstract]:Transformer is one of the most important electrical equipment in power system, and it is also one of the electrical equipments that cause the most accidents in power system. The operation state of transformer directly affects the safe and stable operation of power system. During the operation of the transformer, a part of the electric energy is converted into the heat energy of the transformer. Although this part of the heat energy is small relative to the total energy of the whole transformer, this part of the heat energy will cause the transformer to produce obvious temperature rise. This temperature rise will cause the transformer winding insulation to accelerate aging and affect the transformer service life. In recent years, malignant accidents caused by local overheating of transformer windings have occurred at home and abroad. These accidents not only cause huge economic losses to industrial production, but also have great adverse effects on society. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the temperature of transformer windings, especially the real-time on-line monitoring of winding temperature. In this paper, various kinds of transformer faults are studied in detail, and it is found that the overtemperature operation of the windings leads to the aging of insulation, breakdown of the windings and burning out of the transformers, which accounts for a large proportion of the faults of the transformers. The causes and influencing factors of transformer winding faults are analyzed emphatically. Secondly, the principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) (FBG) winding temperature measurement is analyzed and compared with indirect calculation method and thermometer method. Through the physical contrast test, eight contrasting indexes are listed, and it is concluded that the on-line monitoring system of transformer winding fiber-optic temperature can directly measure the winding hot spot temperature in real time. It solves the problem that the temperature measurement of the thermometer is not correct and that the temperature of the winding and oil can not be reflected in time. And the optical fiber temperature on-line monitoring system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, reliability and high intelligence level. Finally, the application of optical fiber temperature on-line monitoring device in Yingkou Huayingtai substation and the optimization of installation scheme are introduced. This paper not only makes a detailed analysis of the on-line monitoring device of transformer winding fiber temperature before installation, the process control during installation and the test process after installation, but also puts forward that by using the pad to open the hole, Positioning block fixation and other measures to improve the system temperature measurement accuracy. This paper describes in detail the main risk points and corresponding control measures which may lead to the failure of the installation of optical fibers and affect the measuring results, which provides a reference for the on-line monitoring system of transformer installation windings in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM403.2

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