基于摻氯有機(jī)金屬鹵化物鈣鈦礦材料的高效太陽能電池研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 12:22
【摘要】：鈣鈦礦太陽能電池是一種非常有前景的基于有機(jī)無機(jī)雜化材料的光伏體系,相比與其他種類的太陽能電池,鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的研究發(fā)展的非常迅速。鈣鈦礦類材料具有非常優(yōu)異的晶體學(xué)特征及光電性能。首先,鈣鈦礦材料擁有近乎完美的結(jié)晶度,這是砷化鎵和晶體硅等無機(jī)太陽能電池材料共有的特征,但制造完美的無機(jī)太陽能材料通常需要非常高的溫度、昂貴的真空設(shè)備和復(fù)雜的生長工藝,而高結(jié)晶度的鈣鈦礦類材料能在低溫下,通過簡易的化學(xué)方法合成。同時(shí),鈣鈦礦類材料具有優(yōu)異的光吸收性能,此類材料帶隙寬度合適,約為1.5 eV,光吸收能力比有機(jī)染料高10倍以上,400 nm厚的薄膜即可吸收紫外-近紅外光譜范圍內(nèi)的所有光子[1]。另一方面,鈣鈦礦類材料具有長程載流子擴(kuò)散性能,摻氯的甲胺基鹵化鉛的載流子有效擴(kuò)散長度超過了1μm,是有機(jī)太陽能電池材料擴(kuò)散長度的100倍。再者,鈣鈦礦類電池光電轉(zhuǎn)換過程的基本能量損失很小,約為0.4 eV,而商業(yè)化的單晶硅電池能量損失也約為0.4 eV,這個(gè)特性遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的染料敏化電池(0.8 eV)。本研究提出基于鈣鈦礦類材料的平面異質(zhì)結(jié)太陽能電池的制備思路,采用氯化鉛和碘甲胺為原料反應(yīng)生成雜化鈣鈦礦材料CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x,作為太陽能電池的光吸收層,采用FTO作為透明導(dǎo)電電極作為電子收集層,并采用旋涂工藝分別制備出電子傳輸層(二氧化鈦致密層)、光吸收層(鈣鈦礦層)和空穴傳輸層,通過熱蒸鍍技術(shù)蒸鍍金作為空穴收集層,舍棄了傳統(tǒng)敏化太陽能電池中的介孔Ti02層,簡化了器件結(jié)構(gòu)和制備工藝,制備出的平面異質(zhì)結(jié)薄膜太陽能電池。本研究分別采用X射線衍射儀、掃描電子顯微鏡、紫外-可見-近紅外分光光度計(jì)對(duì)電池材料的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌、吸收光譜進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。電池的性能參數(shù)是在AM1.5模擬光源,100 mW/cm2的光強(qiáng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件下進(jìn)行測(cè)試,沉積5層鈣鈦礦材料的電池平均光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到9.05%,最優(yōu)性能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到10.88%,開路電壓0.88 V,短路電流23.71 mA/cm2,填充因子52.7%。
[Abstract]:Perovskite solar cells are a promising photovoltaic system based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Compared with other kinds of solar cells, perovskite solar cells are developing rapidly. Perovskite materials have excellent crystallographic and optoelectronic properties. First, perovskite materials have near-perfect crystallinity, which is a common feature of inorganic solar cell materials such as gallium arsenide and crystalline silicon, but making perfect inorganic solar materials usually requires very high temperatures. Expensive vacuum equipment and complex growth process, and high crystallinity perovskite materials can be synthesized by simple chemical method at low temperature. At the same time, perovskite materials have excellent optical absorption properties. The band gap width of the perovskite materials is suitable, and the photons in the range of UV-NIR spectra can be absorbed by thin films which are more than 10 times thicker than those of organic dyes at about 1. 5 eV,. On the other hand, perovskite materials have long range carrier diffusion properties. The effective carrier diffusion length of chlorinated lead methamidohalide is over 1 渭 m, which is 100 times longer than that of organic solar cell materials. Furthermore, the basic energy loss of perovskite cell photovoltaic conversion process is very small, which is about 0.4 eV, and that of commercial monocrystalline silicon cell is about 0.4 eV, which is much better than that of traditional dye sensitized cell (0.8 eV). In this study, the preparation of planar heterojunction solar cells based on perovskite materials was proposed. The hybrid perovskite material CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x, was used as the photoabsorption layer of solar cells by the reaction of lead chloride and iodomethylamine. FTO was used as the electron collecting layer, and the electron transport layer (titanium dioxide dense layer), photoabsorption layer (perovskite layer) and hole transport layer were prepared by spin-coating process. The thin film solar cells with plane heterojunction were fabricated by using thermal evaporation as the hole collection layer, the mesoporous Ti02 layer in the traditional sensitized solar cells was abandoned, and the device structure and fabrication process were simplified. In this study, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared spectrophotometer were used to detect the crystal structure, morphology and absorption spectrum of the battery material. The performance parameters of the battery are tested under the standard condition of the light intensity of the AM1.5 analog light source of 100 mW/cm2. The average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery deposited with 5 layers of perovskite material is 9.05, the optimum performance of the battery is 10.88, the open circuit voltage is 0.88V, the short-circuit current is 23.71 mA/cm2, filling factor, and the filling factor is 52.7.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4
[Abstract]:Perovskite solar cells are a promising photovoltaic system based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Compared with other kinds of solar cells, perovskite solar cells are developing rapidly. Perovskite materials have excellent crystallographic and optoelectronic properties. First, perovskite materials have near-perfect crystallinity, which is a common feature of inorganic solar cell materials such as gallium arsenide and crystalline silicon, but making perfect inorganic solar materials usually requires very high temperatures. Expensive vacuum equipment and complex growth process, and high crystallinity perovskite materials can be synthesized by simple chemical method at low temperature. At the same time, perovskite materials have excellent optical absorption properties. The band gap width of the perovskite materials is suitable, and the photons in the range of UV-NIR spectra can be absorbed by thin films which are more than 10 times thicker than those of organic dyes at about 1. 5 eV,. On the other hand, perovskite materials have long range carrier diffusion properties. The effective carrier diffusion length of chlorinated lead methamidohalide is over 1 渭 m, which is 100 times longer than that of organic solar cell materials. Furthermore, the basic energy loss of perovskite cell photovoltaic conversion process is very small, which is about 0.4 eV, and that of commercial monocrystalline silicon cell is about 0.4 eV, which is much better than that of traditional dye sensitized cell (0.8 eV). In this study, the preparation of planar heterojunction solar cells based on perovskite materials was proposed. The hybrid perovskite material CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x, was used as the photoabsorption layer of solar cells by the reaction of lead chloride and iodomethylamine. FTO was used as the electron collecting layer, and the electron transport layer (titanium dioxide dense layer), photoabsorption layer (perovskite layer) and hole transport layer were prepared by spin-coating process. The thin film solar cells with plane heterojunction were fabricated by using thermal evaporation as the hole collection layer, the mesoporous Ti02 layer in the traditional sensitized solar cells was abandoned, and the device structure and fabrication process were simplified. In this study, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared spectrophotometer were used to detect the crystal structure, morphology and absorption spectrum of the battery material. The performance parameters of the battery are tested under the standard condition of the light intensity of the AM1.5 analog light source of 100 mW/cm2. The average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery deposited with 5 layers of perovskite material is 9.05, the optimum performance of the battery is 10.88, the open circuit voltage is 0.88V, the short-circuit current is 23.71 mA/cm2, filling factor, and the filling factor is 52.7.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4
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