發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 14:58

【摘要】：目前研究室正承擔(dān)一種基于開(kāi)關(guān)振蕩器的寬帶裝置的項(xiàng)目研究,前期研究表明,開(kāi)關(guān)振蕩器閉合開(kāi)關(guān)的工作性能決定著寬帶裝置的輻射功率和能量效率。閉合開(kāi)關(guān)是一種場(chǎng)強(qiáng)均勻設(shè)計(jì)的自擊穿火花隙開(kāi)關(guān),工作在快速充電條件下,在納秒量級(jí)充電時(shí)間內(nèi)承受電壓能上升至數(shù)百千伏。介質(zhì)擊穿是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的物理過(guò)程,已有的短脈沖介質(zhì)擊穿理論可以定性的解釋一些實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象,但無(wú)法對(duì)擊穿過(guò)程進(jìn)行定量的描述,由于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件和參數(shù)定義等原因短脈沖擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的參考性不強(qiáng)。為了給閉合開(kāi)關(guān)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供比較實(shí)用的數(shù)據(jù)參考,同時(shí)為了促進(jìn)納秒脈沖介質(zhì)擊穿領(lǐng)域?qū)嶒?yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和理論研究的進(jìn)一步完善,本文對(duì)變壓器油、SF6和N2在高壓納秒脈沖作用下的擊穿特性開(kāi)展了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,主要工作包括以下幾方面:1、設(shè)計(jì)了用于開(kāi)展納秒脈沖電介質(zhì)擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)的擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。分析了閉合開(kāi)關(guān)的主要特點(diǎn),并采用儲(chǔ)能電容器通過(guò)電感對(duì)電容負(fù)載進(jìn)行快速充電的思路設(shè)計(jì)了一種開(kāi)關(guān)電極為場(chǎng)強(qiáng)均勻結(jié)構(gòu)的擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)組件和一種電容儲(chǔ)能型的高壓脈沖驅(qū)動(dòng)源;通過(guò)電路仿真分析了中儲(chǔ)電容器Cm、連線電感Lr和工作負(fù)載CL等部件參數(shù)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置工作性能的影響;對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行了初步的測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置能夠在開(kāi)關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)腔輸入端產(chǎn)生上升前沿10ns、峰值電壓200k V左右的充電脈沖,與仿真結(jié)果較吻合,證明了實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置能夠用于開(kāi)展高壓納秒脈沖電介質(zhì)擊穿特性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。2、設(shè)計(jì)了用于測(cè)量高頻實(shí)驗(yàn)信號(hào)的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。為了準(zhǔn)確探測(cè)開(kāi)關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)腔在擊穿過(guò)程中輸入輸出端的電壓信號(hào),設(shè)計(jì)了一種同軸結(jié)構(gòu)的電容分壓器和相應(yīng)的測(cè)量回路,并分析了信號(hào)頻率、補(bǔ)償電阻對(duì)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)工作性能的影響,然后通過(guò)標(biāo)定實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的工作性能進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn),證明測(cè)量系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)高頻實(shí)驗(yàn)信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量。3、利用設(shè)計(jì)的擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置和測(cè)量系統(tǒng),對(duì)變壓器油、SF6、N2在納秒脈沖作用下的擊穿特性開(kāi)展了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。首先對(duì)變壓器油進(jìn)行了納秒脈沖擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn),并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果擬合出了變壓器油電壓上升時(shí)間為4~10 ns的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,同時(shí)還分析了循環(huán)與未循環(huán)、不同液體靜壓力以及輸入脈沖不同的上升前沿(10 ns、15 ns)等因素對(duì)變壓器油擊穿特性的影響;接下來(lái)對(duì)SF6(0 atm~18 atm)和N2(0 atm~40atm)進(jìn)行了納秒脈沖擊穿實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)SF6和N2的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了擬合,總結(jié)得到了對(duì)SF6和N2均適用的電壓上升時(shí)間為4~14ns的納秒脈沖擊穿經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。
[Abstract]:At present, the lab is undertaking the research of a kind of wideband device based on switch oscillator. The previous research shows that the performance of switching oscillator closed switch determines the radiation power and energy efficiency of broadband device. The closed switch is a self-breakdown spark gap switch with uniform field strength. Under the condition of fast charging, the voltage can rise to several hundred kilowatts within the nanosecond charging time. Dielectric breakdown is a complex physical process. The existing short-pulse dielectric breakdown theory can explain some experimental phenomena qualitatively, but it can not describe the breakdown process quantitatively. Because of the experimental condition and parameter definition, the data of short pulse breakdown are not good for reference. In order to provide a practical data reference for the optimal design of closed switches, and to promote the further improvement of experimental data and theoretical research in the field of nanosecond pulse dielectric breakdown, In this paper, the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil SF6 and N2 under the action of high voltage nanosecond pulse are studied experimentally. The main work includes the following aspects: 1. A breakdown test device for nanosecond pulse dielectric breakdown experiment is designed. The main characteristics of the closed switch are analyzed. A breakdown experiment module with uniform field strength structure and a high-voltage pulse drive source with capacitive energy storage type are designed by using the idea of fast charging capacitor load by inductance of energy storage capacitor. The effect of the parameters of Cm, connection inductor Lr and workload CL on the performance of the experimental device is analyzed by circuit simulation. The results show that the device can generate a charging pulse with a rising front of 10ns and a peak voltage of about 200kV at the input end of the experimental cavity, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. It is proved that the experimental device can be used to study the breakdown characteristics of high voltage nanosecond pulse dielectric. A measuring system is designed to measure the high frequency experimental signal. In order to accurately detect the voltage signals at the input and output end of the switch chamber during the breakdown process, a coaxial capacitor divider and the corresponding measuring circuit are designed, and the signal frequency is analyzed. The effect of compensating resistance on the working performance of the measuring system is tested, and the performance of the measurement system is tested by calibration experiments. It is proved that the measuring system can accurately measure the high frequency experimental signal. Using the designed breakdown experimental device and measuring system, the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil SF6N _ 2 under nanosecond pulse are studied experimentally. First of all, the nanosecond pulse breakdown experiment of transformer oil is carried out. According to the experimental results, the empirical formula of voltage rise time of transformer oil is fitted to be 4 ~ 10 ns, and the circulation and non-circulation are also analyzed. The influence of different liquid static pressure and different rising front (10 ns,15 ns) of input pulse on the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil is studied. Secondly, the nanosecond pulse breakdown experiments of SF6 (0 atm~18 atm) and N2 (0 atm~40atm) are carried out, and the experimental data of SF6 and N2 are fitted. The empirical formula of nanosecond pulse breakdown for both SF6 and N2 is obtained, where the voltage rise time is 4~14ns.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM564

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