【摘要】：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)城市生活垃圾（MSW）清潔焚燒，最大限度地消除垃圾焚燒二次污染的威脅，在真正實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾處理的“無害化、減量化、資源化”的宗旨下，基于富氧燃煤發(fā)電技術(shù)，提出一種新型的垃圾焚燒技術(shù)-富氧焚燒垃圾技術(shù)，并以日處理生活垃圾350噸的回轉(zhuǎn)窯應(yīng)用富氧焚燒垃圾灰渣熔融技術(shù)為例進(jìn)行了深入研究。 富氧熔融焚燒垃圾技術(shù)是利用空分制氧裝置制取的高純度的氧氣代替空氣與MSW一起送入回轉(zhuǎn)窯進(jìn)行高溫熔融焚燒，焚燒產(chǎn)生的高溫?zé)煔庠谟酂徨仩t加以回收后送入后續(xù)的煙氣壓縮液化裝置進(jìn)行凈化并捕集煙氣中CO2，無煙氣再循環(huán)系統(tǒng)并取消了煙囪的建立，實(shí)現(xiàn)了焚燒產(chǎn)物的全部捕集與近零排放。文中對(duì)整個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)窯的熔融系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)分析表明，MSW在回轉(zhuǎn)窯內(nèi)不添加輔助燃料的條件下就可以保持高溫穩(wěn)定的燃燒，同時(shí)在窯尾可達(dá)到足夠高的溫度將灰渣熔融，并確定了回轉(zhuǎn)窯的尺寸及運(yùn)行參數(shù)。并基于Aspen Plus軟件進(jìn)行了整個(gè)熔融焚燒系統(tǒng)的熱力學(xué)平衡分析，模擬結(jié)果顯示用純氧代替空氣與垃圾在回轉(zhuǎn)窯內(nèi)組織燃燒，回轉(zhuǎn)窯的燃燒溫度可達(dá)1800℃，足以將任何形式的垃圾殘?jiān)廴�，也進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了熱平衡計(jì)算的結(jié)果。 借鑒CO2捕集的富氧燃煤煙氣聯(lián)合脫硫脫硝技術(shù)，提出一種新型的垃圾焚燒煙氣凈化工藝，并利用Aspen Plus軟件對(duì)整個(gè)煙氣凈化工藝進(jìn)行了建模與計(jì)算，結(jié)果顯示在全部煙氣壓縮液化過焚燒程中，焚燒垃圾生成的HCl和SO2幾乎可以全部脫除，NO的脫除效率也達(dá)90%以上，而且在煙氣的凈化過程中還可以回收一部分酸液。該350t/d的回轉(zhuǎn)窯富氧熔融垃圾系統(tǒng)的排煙在經(jīng)聯(lián)合脫酸裝置處理后，每小時(shí)可產(chǎn)生質(zhì)量濃度為40%的硫酸306kg和質(zhì)量濃度為15%的硝酸51kg。 最后對(duì)富氧熔融焚燒垃圾發(fā)電的經(jīng)濟(jì)性進(jìn)行了分析，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：電站汽輪機(jī)輸出功率為7.67MW，各輔機(jī)設(shè)備中，空分制氧與煙氣壓縮凈化設(shè)備是是耗能大戶，兩者的電耗占到發(fā)電量的50%以上。整個(gè)電站的發(fā)電效率為29.13%，綜合考慮各輔機(jī)功耗后，，凈電效率為11.54%，凈輸出電力為3.04MW，無需從外網(wǎng)購電。如果將空分制氧的熱量加以整合利用，可以排擠一部分汽輪機(jī)抽汽，凈電效率增加了0.55個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:In order to realize clean incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) and eliminate the threat of secondary pollution of MSW incineration to the maximum extent, under the aim of realizing "harmless, reduced and resource utilization" of municipal solid waste disposal, based on oxygen-enriched coal-fired power generation technology, A new type of MSW incineration technology, oxygen-enriched incineration technology, is proposed, and the application of oxygen-enriched incineration ash melting technology in a rotary kiln with 350 tons of domestic waste per day is studied. Oxygen-enriched melting incineration technology is to use the high-purity oxygen produced by the air separation equipment instead of air and MSW into the rotary kiln for high temperature melting incineration. The high temperature flue gas produced by incineration is recovered from the waste heat boiler and sent into the subsequent flue gas compression liquefaction device to purify and capture the CO2, no flue gas recirculation system in the flue gas and cancel the establishment of the chimney. All the incineration products were collected and nearly zero emission was realized. The thermodynamic analysis of the melting system of the whole rotary kiln shows that MSW can keep the combustion at high temperature and steady without adding auxiliary fuel in the rotary kiln, at the same time, the ash can be melted at a sufficiently high temperature at the end of the kiln. The size and operation parameters of rotary kiln are determined. The thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of the whole melting incineration system is carried out based on Aspen Plus software. The simulation results show that pure oxygen is used instead of air and garbage to burn in the rotary kiln. The combustion temperature of the rotary kiln can reach 1800 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2226966