【摘要】：太陽能是資源量最大、分布最普遍的可再生能源，對其進(jìn)行有效地開發(fā)和利用一直是各國追求的目標(biāo)。光伏發(fā)電是太陽能資源的一種有效利用形式，對緩解電力緊張和減少環(huán)境污染具有重大意義。目前光伏發(fā)電方式有并網(wǎng)型和離網(wǎng)型兩種，其中并網(wǎng)型的裝機(jī)容量較大，而離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電方式因具有安裝方便、不受電網(wǎng)政策限制、成本相對較低等特點同樣具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。基于以上背景，本文對離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電裝置進(jìn)行了控制策略研究并以ARM控制器為核心設(shè)計了一套離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。 在分析了離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中的技術(shù)難點之后，本文綜合考慮了發(fā)電設(shè)備和儲能設(shè)備之間的相互配合問題，設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，包括光伏板、蓄電池、Boost變換器、雙向Buck/Boost變換器和全橋逆變器。 為了實現(xiàn)對光伏板發(fā)電能力的最大化利用，本文重點研究了光伏最大功率跟蹤（MPPT）算法。通過Matlab仿真實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)了目前工程中普遍使用的擾動觀察法的缺點，之后進(jìn)行了兩次算法改進(jìn)，設(shè)計了方便可行的改進(jìn)型變步長擾動觀察法，很好地緩解了最大功率跟蹤時穩(wěn)態(tài)精度和響應(yīng)速度無法兼顧的矛盾。為了延長蓄電池的使用壽命，本文分析了蓄電池的充放電特性，對比了工程中常用蓄電池充電方法的優(yōu)缺點，選擇了兩段式充電方法并通過仿真實驗證明了其可行性。此外，本文還對整體結(jié)構(gòu)中涉及的每個功率變換器設(shè)計了匹配的控制策略，針對光伏板、負(fù)載和蓄電池三者運行時的不同狀態(tài)設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的6種工作模式，給出了適合本文的能量管理控制策略。 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計也是本文的重要內(nèi)容。針對中小功率家用電器的需求，，本文制定了系統(tǒng)各個子模塊的功率參數(shù)和電壓等級，對主電路中用到的三種功率變換器進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的硬件電路設(shè)計和元器件參數(shù)計算，并參考計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了器件選型。之后，基于STM32F103ZET6設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的控制電路，包括供電電路、傳感器電路、采樣電路、MOSFET驅(qū)動及其保護(hù)電路、全橋逆變控制電路和人機(jī)界面。 為了進(jìn)一步驗證系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的合理性，本文搭建了一個小功率離網(wǎng)型光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實驗平臺，完成了控制電路調(diào)試實驗和MPPT實驗，給出了相關(guān)實驗波形。另外，還成功實現(xiàn)了正弦波全橋逆變功能，證明了全橋逆變主電路及其控制電路設(shè)計的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is the most abundant and widely distributed renewable energy. Photovoltaic power generation is an effective use of solar energy resources, which is of great significance to alleviate the power shortage and reduce environmental pollution. At present, there are two types of photovoltaic power generation, grid-connected and off-grid, in which the installed capacity of grid-connected type is large, while the off-grid photovoltaic power generation mode is not restricted by the power network policy because of its convenient installation. The characteristics of relatively low cost also have broad application prospects. Based on the above background, the control strategy of off-grid photovoltaic power plant is studied in this paper, and a set of off-grid photovoltaic power generation system is designed with ARM controller as the core. After analyzing the current research situation of off-grid photovoltaic power generation system and the technical difficulties in the system design, this paper comprehensively considers the coordination between generation equipment and energy storage equipment, and designs the overall structure of the system, including photovoltaic panels. Battery boost converter, two-way Buck/Boost converter and full-bridge inverter. In order to maximize the power generation capacity of photovoltaic panels, this paper focuses on the research of photovoltaic maximum power tracking (MPPT) algorithm. Through the Matlab simulation experiment, the shortcomings of the disturbance observation method which is widely used in engineering are found, and then the algorithm is improved twice, and a convenient and feasible variable step size disturbance observation method is designed. The contradiction between steady-state precision and response speed in maximum power tracking is well alleviated. In order to prolong the service life of the battery, the charge-discharge characteristics of the battery are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of the common battery charging methods in engineering are compared, the two-stage charging method is selected and its feasibility is proved by simulation experiments. In addition, a matching control strategy is designed for each of the power converters involved in the whole structure, and six operating modes of the system are designed for the different states of the photovoltaic panel, the load and the battery. An energy management control strategy suitable for this paper is presented. System design is also an important part of this paper. According to the demand of medium and small power household appliances, the power parameters and voltage levels of each sub-module of the system are worked out, and the detailed hardware circuit design and component parameter calculation of three kinds of power converters used in the main circuit are carried out. The device selection is carried out with reference to the calculation results. Then, the control circuit of the system is designed based on STM32F103ZET6, including power supply circuit, sensor circuit, sampling circuit, MOSFET driver and protection circuit, full-bridge inverter control circuit and man-machine interface. In order to further verify the rationality of the system design, a small power off-grid photovoltaic system experimental platform is built, the control circuit debugging experiment and MPPT experiment are completed, and the related experimental waveforms are given. In addition, the sinusoidal full-bridge inverter is successfully realized, which proves the reliability of the design of the full-bridge inverter main circuit and its control circuit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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