【摘要】：近年來電力電子變換器技術(shù)得到了飛速發(fā)展，高壓大功率能量轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)的需求也日益增長。多電平變換器通過改進(jìn)變換器自身拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)來突破功率半導(dǎo)體器件容量的限制，已成為高壓大功率電能變換應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中的一種理想的解決方案。模塊化多電平變換器(Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC)以其突出的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，克服了傳統(tǒng)多電平變換器的缺陷，是目前高壓大功率電力系統(tǒng)中最有吸引力的多電平變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。為此，本文圍繞模塊化多電平功率變換系統(tǒng)的電壓平衡方法、調(diào)制技術(shù)、容錯控制策略以及在光伏發(fā)電領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的研究。具體內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面： 論文首先分析了MMC的子模塊電容電壓平衡問題。從MMC運(yùn)行機(jī)制出發(fā)，建立MMC廣義動態(tài)模型，分析和比較了兩種傳統(tǒng)子模塊電容電壓平衡方法，然后在此基礎(chǔ)上提出一種基于歸并網(wǎng)絡(luò)的預(yù)測排序算法，分別從提高排序算法的效率和限制排序算法的工作頻率兩方面進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，使子模塊電壓平衡控制方法對硬件的依賴程度降低，能夠減輕控制器負(fù)擔(dān)，降低變換器的開關(guān)頻率。 論文對MMC的階梯波調(diào)制和標(biāo)量脈寬調(diào)制的兩種調(diào)制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究。首先研究了適用于MMC的階梯波調(diào)制技術(shù)，針對牛頓迭代法在求解階梯波調(diào)制的MMC開關(guān)角時的局部收斂性問題，提出一種改進(jìn)的混合粒子群優(yōu)化算法，在求解的開始階段采用粒子群優(yōu)化算法全局范圍內(nèi)隨機(jī)搜索開關(guān)角方程的迭代初值，之后運(yùn)用牛頓法快速迭代到精確解。其次，針對MMC矢量調(diào)制標(biāo)量化問題，提出一種具有電容電壓平衡能力的標(biāo)量脈寬調(diào)制方法，在一維矢量空間上以最近的兩個電平線性地合成期望輸出電壓，合成矢量的作用時間只需要簡單的占空比計算即可實(shí)現(xiàn)，可以省去繁瑣的三角函數(shù)運(yùn)算和坐標(biāo)變換。論文對上述兩種調(diào)制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了仿真和實(shí)驗驗證。 針對MMC系統(tǒng)的子模塊故障問題，對無冗余備用的模塊化多電平變換器容錯控制方法進(jìn)行了研究。提出基于零序電壓注入方法的故障容錯控制策略，討論零序電壓注入的可行性，在此基礎(chǔ)上研究零序電壓注入對MMC相間功率分配的影響。容錯運(yùn)行時的各個子模塊電容的額定電壓保持恒定，避免了電容電壓波動對系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)沖擊和相間環(huán)流驟升，增強(qiáng)了MMC的故障穿越能力，并且無須增加額外的硬件成本。 最后，論文研究了基于MMC拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的光伏并網(wǎng)功率調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的控制策略。首先分析了采用MMC拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的大規(guī)模光伏電站并網(wǎng)逆變器系統(tǒng)配置的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢，為深入理解模塊化多電平光伏并網(wǎng)功率調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的有功和無功的雙向傳輸?shù)目尚行�，給出基于空間矢量分析的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行模式的推導(dǎo)過程，研究了含無功和諧波補(bǔ)償?shù)墓夥到y(tǒng)運(yùn)行極限。為實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中的穩(wěn)定控制，提出了一種基于標(biāo)量脈寬調(diào)制的有功和無功功率協(xié)調(diào)控制策略，這種方法能夠確保公共直流母線電壓的穩(wěn)定，，并有效地提高大規(guī)模光伏電站并網(wǎng)逆變器系統(tǒng)的利用率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, power electronic converter technology has been developed rapidly, and the demand for high voltage and high power energy conversion system is increasing. Multilevel converter breaks through the limitation of power semiconductor device capacity by improving the topology of the converter itself, and has become an ideal solution in the field of high voltage and high power power conversion applications. Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) overcomes the drawbacks of traditional multilevel converters with its outstanding technical characteristics. It is the most attractive topology of multilevel converters in high voltage and high power power power systems. Methods, modulation techniques, fault-tolerant control strategies and their applications in the field of photovoltaic power generation are studied in detail.
Firstly, the capacitor voltage balance problem of MMC sub-modules is analyzed. Based on the operation mechanism of MMC, the generalized dynamic model of MMC is established, and two traditional capacitor voltage balance methods are analyzed and compared. The frequency of the sequence algorithm is improved in two aspects, which makes the sub-module voltage balance control method less dependent on the hardware, reduces the controller burden and reduces the switching frequency of the converter.
In this paper, two modulation techniques of MMC, stepped wave modulation and scalar pulse width modulation, are studied in depth. Firstly, the stepped wave modulation technique for MMC is studied. Aiming at the local convergence of Newton iterative method in solving the switching angle of MMC with stepped wave modulation, an improved hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. In the initial stage, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to search the initial value of the switching angle equation randomly in the global scope, and then Newton method is used to quickly iterate to the exact solution. The expected output voltage is synthesized linearly by the level. The time of synthesizing vector can be realized only by calculating the duty cycle. The complicated trigonometric function operation and coordinate transformation can be omitted.
Aiming at the sub-module fault of MMC system, the fault-tolerant control method of non-redundant standby modular multilevel converter is studied. A fault-tolerant control strategy based on zero-sequence voltage injection method is proposed. The feasibility of zero-sequence voltage injection is discussed. On this basis, the influence of zero-sequence voltage injection on MMC inter-phase power distribution is studied. The rated voltages of capacitors of each sub-module under staggered operation are kept constant, which avoids the transient impact of capacitor voltage fluctuation on the system and the sudden rise of Inter-circulating current, enhances the fault traversing capability of MMC, and does not require additional hardware costs.
Finally, the control strategy of grid-connected PV power regulation system based on MMC topology is studied. Firstly, the technical characteristics and advantages of grid-connected inverter system configuration for large-scale PV power plants with MMC topology are analyzed in order to understand the two-way transmission of active and reactive power in modular multi-level PV grid-connected power regulation system. In order to realize the stability control of the system, a coordinated control strategy of active and reactive power based on scalar pulse width modulation (SPWM) is proposed, which can ensure the common straightness. The voltage of the bus is stable, and the utilization ratio of grid connected inverter system of large scale PV power station is effectively improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM46

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