【摘要】：作為數(shù)字化變電站的重要組成部分,電子式互感器的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性是電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的保證。和傳統(tǒng)互感器相比,電子式互感器具有動(dòng)態(tài)范圍大、暫態(tài)性能好、數(shù)字化輸出等優(yōu)點(diǎn),適應(yīng)了智能電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展方向,因而近年來(lái)得到了迅速發(fā)展。但是,電子式互感器屬于新興的技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,所以在運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題。國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2010年電子式電流和電壓互感器的故障率分別為4.91臺(tái)次/百臺(tái)、11.37臺(tái)次/百臺(tái),遠(yuǎn)高于傳統(tǒng)互感器的故障率,同時(shí)期傳統(tǒng)電流、電壓互感器的故障率分別為0.0027臺(tái)次/百臺(tái)、0.0040臺(tái)次/百臺(tái)。 傳統(tǒng)互感器之所以故障率低,與其完善的性能評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)是分不開(kāi)的�；ジ衅鞯男阅茉u(píng)價(jià)可及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的問(wèn)題并進(jìn)行改進(jìn),保證互感器的運(yùn)行可靠性。電子式互感器由于傳感原理多樣、一次本體中含有大量電子元器件,在運(yùn)行中比傳統(tǒng)互感器更易受到電磁干擾的影響,因而性能評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)也比傳統(tǒng)互感器復(fù)雜。盡管近年來(lái)電子式互感器的性能評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)在不斷發(fā)展,但就整個(gè)性能評(píng)價(jià)體系而言,仍存在不完善之處,主要表現(xiàn)在性能評(píng)價(jià)體系不夠健全,現(xiàn)有性能評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目不能準(zhǔn)確、全面的反映現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際運(yùn)行工況,導(dǎo)致通過(guò)了全部性能評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn)的電子式互感器在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)運(yùn)行中依然會(huì)遇到不少問(wèn)題,故障率過(guò)高。因此,為了更合理的考核電子式互感器的性能,需要研究專門針對(duì)電子式互感器的性能評(píng)價(jià)體系,以更準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)價(jià)其性能,及時(shí)找出存在的缺陷和不足,提高運(yùn)行可靠性。 本文針對(duì)電子式互感器性能評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)存在的不足之處,在參照傳統(tǒng)互感器性能評(píng)價(jià)體系的基礎(chǔ)上,初步探索了電子式互感器的性能評(píng)價(jià)體系,將其性能評(píng)價(jià)分為型式試驗(yàn)、出廠試驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)三個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)階段,針對(duì)各個(gè)階段性能評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)的不足之處進(jìn)行了研究。首先針對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)交接試驗(yàn)中性能評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)存在的不足,提出了一種基于空心線圈互感系數(shù)自校準(zhǔn)原理的電子式電流互感器暫態(tài)性能校驗(yàn)方法并研制了適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)�？招木�圈具有體積小、頻帶寬、動(dòng)態(tài)范圍大的特點(diǎn),適合測(cè)量暫態(tài)大電流,但輸出易受一次導(dǎo)體位置等因素的影響。鐵芯線圈的測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確度高,不易受導(dǎo)體位置的影響,但測(cè)量大電流時(shí)所需體積大、重量重,不適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用。本文用鐵芯線圈在小電流時(shí)對(duì)空心線圈的互感系數(shù)進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn),以消除一次導(dǎo)體位置等因素的影響,然后以校準(zhǔn)后的空心線圈作為暫態(tài)大電流的測(cè)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外,采用基于直流負(fù)反饋原理的改進(jìn)Al-Alaoui數(shù)字積分算法對(duì)空心線圈的輸出進(jìn)行積分還原,避免了模擬積分器存在的溫漂、零漂等問(wèn)題。研制的暫態(tài)性能校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)在中國(guó)電科院武漢分院進(jìn)行了準(zhǔn)確度測(cè)試,在動(dòng)模實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了暫態(tài)性能測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示系統(tǒng)在100A～40kA范圍內(nèi)比差變化小于0.1%,角差變化小于3’。空心線圈和鐵芯線圈總重量?jī)H2.5kg,適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用。 電子式互感器使用中的檢驗(yàn)一般采用離線校驗(yàn)方式,間隔周期長(zhǎng)且停電操作復(fù)雜。本文提出了電子式互感器的在線校驗(yàn)方法,并研制了適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的在線校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),可在線路帶電的情況下對(duì)運(yùn)行中的互感器進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)。其中,電流在線校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)采用鉗形雙線圈實(shí)現(xiàn)一次電流信號(hào)的在線獲取。鉗形鐵芯線圈閉合緊密時(shí)準(zhǔn)確度高,但輸出幅值和相位易受開(kāi)口氣隙的影響,而鉗形空心線圈的輸出相位幾乎不受開(kāi)口氣隙的影響。利用兩鉗形線圈的特點(diǎn),將鉗形空心線圈的相位作為鐵芯線圈是否閉合緊密的判據(jù),然后以閉合緊密的鉗形鐵芯線圈作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),保證了校驗(yàn)時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確度。電壓在線校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)采用SF6絕緣電壓互感器和自動(dòng)升降裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)一次電壓信號(hào)的在線獲取,在變電站復(fù)雜的環(huán)境下具有很高的準(zhǔn)確度和可靠性。兩校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)均在中國(guó)電科院武漢分院進(jìn)行了校準(zhǔn),結(jié)果表明兩校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)均滿足0.05級(jí)的準(zhǔn)確度要求。校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)在貴州省電力公司進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用,結(jié)果表明研制的在線校驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)具有操作安全方便的特點(diǎn)。 另外,本文對(duì)電子式互感器的電磁兼容問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。針對(duì)2011年電子式互感器性能測(cè)試中新增加的“隔離開(kāi)關(guān)開(kāi)合容性小電流試驗(yàn)”項(xiàng)目,通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)設(shè)備和試驗(yàn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行建模仿真,研究隔離開(kāi)關(guān)開(kāi)合容性小電流試驗(yàn)對(duì)電子式互感器的影響,為電子式互感器提高電磁兼容性能提出可行性建議,有助于促進(jìn)電子式互感器的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:As an important part of digital substation, the stability and reliability of electronic transformer is the guarantee of safe and stable operation of power system. Compared with traditional transformer, electronic transformer has the advantages of large dynamic range, good transient performance, digital output, etc. It adapts to the development direction of smart grid, so it has been obtained in recent years. Rapid development. However, electronic transformer is a new technology with insufficient experience in design and operation, so there are some problems in operation. According to the statistics of State Grid Corporation, the failure rates of electronic current and voltage transformers in 2010 are 4.91/100 sets and 11.37/100 sets respectively, which are much higher than those of traditional transformers. At the same time, the failure rates of conventional current and voltage transformers are 0.0027 times / 100 units, 0.0040 times per 100 units.
The low failure rate of the traditional transformer can not be separated from its perfect performance evaluation technology. The performance evaluation of the transformer can find the problems in time and improve them to ensure the operation reliability of the transformer. Transformers are more susceptible to electromagnetic interference, so performance evaluation technology is more complex than traditional ones. Although the performance evaluation technology of electronic transformers has been developing continuously in recent years, there are still imperfections in the whole performance evaluation system, mainly in the performance evaluation system is not perfect, existing performance evaluation projects. It can not accurately and comprehensively reflect the actual operating conditions on the spot, which leads to many problems and high failure rate in the field operation of electronic transformers which have passed all the performance evaluation tests. In order to evaluate its performance more accurately, we can find out the defects and deficiencies in time and improve the reliability of operation.
In view of the shortcomings of the performance evaluation technology of electronic transformer, the performance evaluation system of electronic transformer is preliminarily explored on the basis of the traditional performance evaluation system. The performance evaluation of electronic transformer is divided into three stages: type test, factory test and field test. Firstly, aiming at the shortcomings of performance evaluation technology in field handover test, a transient performance calibration method of electronic current transformer based on self-calibration principle of mutual inductance coefficient of hollow coil is proposed, and a calibration system suitable for field use is developed. It is suitable for measuring transient large current, but its output is easily affected by the position of primary conductor and other factors. Core coil has high accuracy and is not easily affected by the position of conductor, but it is not suitable for field use because of its large volume and heavy weight. In order to eliminate the influence of the primary conductor position and other factors, the calibrated hollow coil is used as the measurement standard of transient large current. In addition, the improved Al-Alaoui digital integration algorithm based on the principle of DC negative feedback is used to restore the output of the hollow coil, avoiding the temperature drift and zero drift of the analog integrator. The transient performance checking system is tested in Wuhan Branch of the Chinese Academy of Electrical Sciences. The transient performance test is carried out in the dynamic simulation laboratory. The test results show that the variation of the ratio is less than 0.1% and the variation of the angle is less than 3'. The total weight of the hollow coil and the iron core coil is only 2.5 kg, which is suitable for field use.
The online calibration method of electronic transformer is proposed in this paper, and an on-line calibration system suitable for on-site use is developed, which can calibrate the transformer in operation when the line is live. The calibration system uses clamp-shaped double coils to realize on-line primary current signal acquisition. The clamp-shaped iron core coils have high accuracy when closed tightly, but the output amplitude and phase are easily affected by the open air gap, while the output phase of the clamp-shaped hollow coils is almost unaffected by the open air gap. Bit is used as the criterion of whether the core coil is closed tightly, and then the clamp coil is used as the criterion to ensure the accuracy of the calibration. Accuracy and reliability. Both calibration systems were calibrated in Wuhan Branch of the Chinese Academy of Electrical Sciences. The results show that both calibration systems meet the accuracy requirements of 0.05. The calibration system was applied in Guizhou Electric Power Company. The results show that the online calibration system is safe and convenient to operate.
In addition, the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic transformer is studied in this paper. Aiming at the new item of "small current test of disconnector on-off capacitance" added in the performance test of electronic transformer in 2011, the electronic mutual inductance of disconnector on-off capacitance small current test is studied by modeling and simulating the test equipment and test process. The influence of the electronic transformer is helpful to the development and application of the electronic transformer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM45

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本文編號(hào)：2197779