【摘要】：海上風機主要由三部分組成,即樁腿部分、樁基礎(chǔ)部分以及風機部分。樁基礎(chǔ)的成本占總成本的23%,海上風電的高成本投入制約著海上風電的發(fā)展。海上樁基礎(chǔ)風機的工作工況比較惡劣,除了需要承受風、浪、流載荷還要受到地震載荷等的作用,同時需要進行特殊的防腐蝕處理等。在滿足樁基礎(chǔ)剛度、強度及屈曲壓力的前提下,若能降低樁基礎(chǔ)的重量即可達到降低總成本的作用。首先,本文應(yīng)用挪威船級社的標準,對三樁基礎(chǔ)進行概念建模,得到等直徑撐桿三樁基礎(chǔ)總裝模型。在等直徑標準模型的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用變異性原理中的結(jié)構(gòu)及截面變異原理,對樁基礎(chǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)和撐桿的截面形式進行變異性設(shè)計。其次,基于流固耦合計算方法,應(yīng)用的質(zhì)量守恒方程、動量守恒方程、能量守恒方程,對風、浪、流條件下的三樁基礎(chǔ)總裝模型系統(tǒng)進行外載荷數(shù)學建模,得到了三樁基礎(chǔ)總裝模型的力學特性。并應(yīng)用流體力學(CFD)中的CFX軟件數(shù)值模擬了總裝模型的流固耦合特性,對樁基礎(chǔ)的速度及壓力場進行性能分析。再次,應(yīng)用數(shù)學方法計算樁基礎(chǔ)承受的風、浪、流外載荷,對截面變異模型應(yīng)用計算力加載,通過對比結(jié)構(gòu)及截面變異模型的結(jié)果,得到同等工況條件下應(yīng)力和總位移最小的模型,為多目標優(yōu)化做好準備。最后,本文采用多目標遺傳算法中的DOE試驗設(shè)計方法對基礎(chǔ)中心柱的直徑和厚度、樁腿的直徑和厚度、撐桿的直徑和厚度、樁腿和中心柱的距離等13個幾何設(shè)計參數(shù)進行多樣點設(shè)計。以總重量、總體位移和等效應(yīng)力為目標函數(shù),對等直徑撐桿基礎(chǔ)的總裝模型、結(jié)構(gòu)及截面變異模型中承載能力強的進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。以采集的樣點響應(yīng)作為樣本點響應(yīng)面分析法(RSM)構(gòu)建設(shè)計空間,在整個設(shè)計空間中尋找滿足目標函數(shù)的Pareto最優(yōu)解集。本文數(shù)值模擬了樁基礎(chǔ)在復雜海況條件下的應(yīng)力分析,并且對樁基礎(chǔ)風機總裝模型進行了多目標遺傳優(yōu)化,在滿足強度、剛度及臨界壓力載荷的條件下尋求重量的最小值,對海上風電事業(yè)的發(fā)展起到促進作用。
[Abstract]:Offshore fan is mainly composed of three parts, namely, pile leg, pile foundation and fan. The cost of pile foundation accounts for 23% of the total cost, and the high cost input of offshore wind power restricts the development of offshore wind power. The working condition of offshore pile foundation fan is very bad. Besides wind, wave, current load and so on, it is necessary to carry out special anticorrosion treatment and so on. On the premise of satisfying the stiffness, strength and buckling pressure of pile foundation, if the weight of pile foundation can be reduced, the total cost can be reduced. Firstly, this paper uses the Norse Classification Society standard to model the three pile foundation concept, and obtains the model of equal diameter supporting pole three pile foundation assembly. Based on the standard model of equal diameter, the structure of pile foundation and the cross-section form of bracing are designed by applying the variation principle of structure and section in the principle of variability. Secondly, based on the fluid-solid coupling calculation method, the applied mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, energy conservation equation, and the external load mathematical modeling of the three-pile foundation assembly model system under the conditions of wind, wave and current are established. The mechanical properties of three pile foundation assembly models are obtained. The fluid-solid coupling characteristics of the assembly model are numerically simulated by using the CFX software of fluid dynamics (CFD), and the performance analysis of the velocity and pressure field of pile foundation is carried out. Thirdly, the external loads of wind, wave and current on pile foundation are calculated by using mathematical method, and the calculation force is applied to the cross-section variation model, and the results of structure and cross-section variation model are compared. The model of minimum stress and total displacement under the same working condition is obtained to prepare for multi-objective optimization. Finally, the diameter and thickness of the center column, the diameter and thickness of the pile leg, the diameter and thickness of the bracing rod, and the diameter and thickness of the supporting rod are calculated by using the DOE test design method in the multi-objective genetic algorithm. 13 geometric design parameters, such as the distance between the pile leg and the center column, are designed for various points. Taking total weight, total displacement and equivalent stress as objective functions, the optimal design of the assembly model of equal-diameter brace foundation and the structural and cross-section variation model with strong bearing capacity is carried out. The sample response is used as the sample point response surface analysis (RSM) to construct the design space, and the Pareto optimal solution set satisfying the objective function is found in the whole design space. In this paper, the stress analysis of pile foundation under complex sea conditions is numerically simulated, and the multi-objective genetic optimization of the pile foundation fan assembly model is carried out. The minimum weight is obtained under the condition of satisfying the strength, stiffness and critical pressure load. It will promote the development of offshore wind power industry.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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