【摘要】：能源資源匱乏和環(huán)境污染是當(dāng)今世界亟需解決的兩大難題,目前利用新能源發(fā)電技術(shù)已成為世界各國解決這兩大難題的有效措施。分布式發(fā)電的優(yōu)越性主要體現(xiàn)在：環(huán)保、供電可靠性高、改善終端用戶的電能質(zhì)量還滿足能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展等。將傳統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)與分布式發(fā)電相結(jié)合,通過彼此間的互補(bǔ)協(xié)調(diào)可充分利用現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備資源,也是向用戶提供可靠、優(yōu)質(zhì)電能的最佳方式和電力工業(yè)發(fā)展的新趨勢。 我國乃至世界各國都做了分布式發(fā)電的長期規(guī)劃,同時分布式電源在電網(wǎng)中的比例也在逐年增加。由于風(fēng)電、光電等形式的分布式電源易受氣候、地理?xiàng)l件等因素的影響,其輸出功率具有隨機(jī)性。當(dāng)電網(wǎng)中引入一定量的分布式電源時,必然會對系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生一定的影響：如改變網(wǎng)絡(luò)的潮流分布、影響繼保裝置動作等,這種影響程度與分布式電源的配置方案緊密相關(guān)。合理配置分布式電源的接入方案,不僅能充分利用自然界分散存在的能源,還可以有效地改善電能質(zhì)量、提高系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷率等。如果配置方案不合理,可能會增加系統(tǒng)的功率損耗,使某些負(fù)荷節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)過壓或欠壓,改變故障電流的大小、方向以及持續(xù)時間。對分布式電源進(jìn)行合理地配置,使接入電網(wǎng)的分布式電源既不影響系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的安穩(wěn)性,同時又能充分發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢。因此,有必要對分布式電源的接入方案進(jìn)行深入的研究。 本文是在借鑒了相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)行研究的,介紹了目前主要分布式電源的類型、特點(diǎn)以及引入分布式電源后對電網(wǎng)帶來的影響。由于分布式電源的優(yōu)化配置涉及電網(wǎng)潮流計(jì)算,因此對各種分布式電源的節(jié)點(diǎn)模型及處理辦法進(jìn)行了研究。最后,以總成本最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),建立了分布式電源優(yōu)化配置的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并考慮了分布式電源的環(huán)保效益。將各個約束條件以懲罰因子的形式并入目標(biāo)函數(shù),然后以IEEE33-nodes配電測試系統(tǒng)為算例,運(yùn)用粒子群算法(PSO)對模型進(jìn)行求解。算例結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了配置方案的有效性,同時也表明了合理地配置分布式電源有利于提高系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和環(huán)保型。
[Abstract]:The shortage of energy resources and environmental pollution are two difficult problems that need to be solved in the world today. At present, the use of new energy power generation technology has become an effective measure to solve these two problems in various countries of the world. The advantages of distributed generation include environmental protection, high reliability of power supply, improvement of power quality of end users and sustainable development of energy. The combination of traditional power grid and distributed generation can make full use of existing equipment resources through mutual complementation and coordination. It is also the best way to provide reliable and high quality electric energy to customers and the new trend of power industry development. China and even countries all over the world have made long-term plans for distributed generation, and the proportion of distributed generation in power grid is increasing year by year. Because wind power, photoelectric and other forms of distributed power are easily affected by climate, geographical conditions and other factors, its output power is random. When a certain amount of distributed generation is introduced into the power network, it will inevitably have a certain impact on the system: such as changing the power flow distribution of the network, affecting the operation of the relay device, and so on. This influence degree is closely related to the configuration scheme of the distributed generation. The reasonable configuration of the access scheme of distributed power supply can not only make full use of the distributed energy sources in nature, but also effectively improve the power quality and system load rate. If the configuration scheme is not reasonable, it may increase the power loss of the system, cause some load nodes to overvoltage or undervoltage, and change the size, direction and duration of the fault current. The distributed power generation can be configured reasonably, so that the distributed power supply connected to the power grid will not affect the stability of the system, and at the same time, it can give full play to its advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the access scheme of DG. Based on the related research results, this paper introduces the types and characteristics of the main distributed generation and the influence of the introduction of the distributed generation on the power network. Because the optimal configuration of distributed generation involves power flow calculation, the node models and processing methods of distributed power generation are studied. Finally, taking the minimum total cost as the objective function, the mathematical model of optimal configuration of distributed power supply is established, and the environmental protection benefits of distributed power generation are considered. Each constraint condition is incorporated into the objective function in the form of penalty factor, and then the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to solve the model by taking the IEEE33-nodes distribution test system as an example. The simulation results show that the configuration scheme is effective and the reasonable configuration of distributed power supply is beneficial to improve the economy and environmental protection of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM727

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