【摘要】：隨著能源危機與環(huán)境問題的日益突出，風能因資源豐富、綠色環(huán)保等特點日益受到人們的重視。風力發(fā)電作為風能領(lǐng)域的主要應(yīng)用，在近幾十年里取得了迅猛的發(fā)展，而永磁風力發(fā)電機是風力電機的主要發(fā)展方向之一。由于永磁電機磁場的建立不需要外部勵磁，因而電機的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、體積較小、可靠性及效率明顯提高。特別是稀土永磁材料的出現(xiàn)，尤其是價格的不斷下降，給永磁電機提供了廣泛的發(fā)展前景。 本文結(jié)合三維建模軟件Solidworks和有限元分析軟件ANSYS對2.5MW永磁風力發(fā)電機主要部件進行有限元分析，在保證機組安全運行的前提下，為永磁風力發(fā)電機組的大型化提供了有力的支撐，對機組發(fā)電效率的提高具有積極的意義。 本文將永磁風力發(fā)電機的結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩大部分進行研究，首先研究電機的旋轉(zhuǎn)部分。根據(jù)圖紙，運用ANSYS的APDL命令流建立轉(zhuǎn)軸實體模型。為避免轉(zhuǎn)軸因剛強度不足發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)子與定子的碰摩現(xiàn)象，需對轉(zhuǎn)軸進行撓度分析。分析結(jié)果顯示，轉(zhuǎn)軸撓度滿足要求。其次，運用Blocks Lanczos法分析了轉(zhuǎn)軸的模態(tài)，，得出該電機轉(zhuǎn)子的一階臨界轉(zhuǎn)速高于工作轉(zhuǎn)速，且工作轉(zhuǎn)速避開了定子共振頻率及轉(zhuǎn)子一階臨界轉(zhuǎn)速，不會發(fā)生共振。根據(jù)沖片結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱型，運用Solidworks軟件建立沖片有限元模型，分析沖片槽不裝磁鋼及裝磁鋼兩種形式下沖片剛強度狀況，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，沖片槽裝磁鋼時，圓角處應(yīng)力集中較大，沖片強度不滿足要求。 最后，對發(fā)電機的定子部分進行機械計算。為降低永磁電機的振動和噪聲，避免機組發(fā)生共振現(xiàn)象，分析機座不帶端蓋的模態(tài)。由于機座與端蓋通過螺栓連接，對機座起到約束的作用，從而影響了機座的振動特性，又分析了機座帶端蓋的模態(tài)，兩者結(jié)果表明：端蓋可以改善機座的振動特性。鑒于機座在吊裝、運行時受到多種載荷的作用，分析電機在整機平放、四角同時起吊、對角起吊及運行時機座的應(yīng)力與形變，分析結(jié)果表明其結(jié)構(gòu)達到設(shè)計要求，四角同時起吊有利于電機吊裝。 與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，有限元分析方法計算簡便、效率高，且利用此方法可以預(yù)測結(jié)構(gòu)受力危險區(qū)域及是否會發(fā)生共振現(xiàn)象，可以提前做好預(yù)防處理。為機組安全運行和大型化提供了指導(dǎo)性建議，有利于同類型電機的研發(fā)。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent energy crisis and environmental problems, wind energy has attracted more and more attention because of its rich resources and green environmental protection. As the main application of wind energy, wind power generation has made rapid development in recent decades, and permanent magnet wind turbine is one of the main development directions of wind turbine. Since the magnetic field of permanent magnet motor does not need external excitation, the structure of the motor is simple, the volume is small, and the reliability and efficiency are improved obviously. Especially, the appearance of rare earth permanent magnet materials, especially the declining price, provides a wide range of development prospects for permanent magnet motors. In this paper, the main components of 2.5MW permanent magnet wind turbine are analyzed by using the 3D modeling software Solidworks and the finite element analysis software ANSYS. On the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the unit, the paper provides a powerful support for the large-scale of the permanent magnet wind turbine. It is of positive significance to the improvement of generating efficiency. In this paper, the structure of permanent magnet wind turbine is divided into two parts. According to the drawing, the ANSYS APDL command stream is used to establish the solid model of the shaft. In order to avoid rubbing the rotor and stator due to the lack of rigid strength, the deflection of the shaft should be analyzed. The results show that the deflection of the shaft meets the requirements. Secondly, the Blocks Lanczos method is used to analyze the mode of the rotor shaft, and it is concluded that the first order critical speed of the motor rotor is higher than the working speed, and the working speed avoids the stator resonance frequency and the rotor first order critical speed, so the resonance will not occur. According to the symmetrical type of stamping plate structure, the finite element model of punch plate is established by using Solidworks software, and the rigid strength condition of punch plate under two forms of punching groove without magnetic steel and magnetic steel is analyzed. The results show that the stress concentration at the corner of the punch groove is large when it is loaded with magnetic steel. The strength of the punch does not meet the requirements. Finally, the stator part of the generator is calculated mechanically. In order to reduce the vibration and noise of the permanent magnet motor and avoid the resonance of the unit, the mode of the seat without the end cover is analyzed. Because the pedestal and the end cover are connected by bolts, the vibration characteristics of the base are affected, and the modal of the end cap is analyzed. The results show that the end cover can improve the vibration characteristics of the base. In view of the effect of a variety of loads on the machine seat when it is hoisted, the stress and deformation of the base are analyzed when the motor is laid flat, hoisted at the same time in four corners, lifted in diagonal direction and in operation. The analysis results show that the structure meets the design requirements. Hoisting at the same time is advantageous to the hoisting of motor. Compared with the traditional method, the finite element analysis method is simple and efficient, and it can be used to predict the dangerous region of the structure and whether resonance will occur, and the preventive treatment can be done well in advance. It provides guidance suggestions for the safe operation and large-scale operation of the unit, and is beneficial to the R & D of the same type motors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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