異步電機低開關(guān)頻率的模型預(yù)測高性能控制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-19 13:36
【摘要】：降低逆變器開關(guān)器件的開關(guān)頻率可以增加其輸出功率，但會增大諧波畸變。大容量變頻器低開關(guān)頻率的高性能控制，涉及采用適合的電機控制策略，使得在低開關(guān)頻率下獲得較小諧波畸變的同時，又能使系統(tǒng)具有快速響應(yīng)能力，是交流電機中壓大功率傳動高性能控制方面的一個難題。本文以國家自然科學(xué)基金項目（51377102）和臺達(dá)環(huán)境與教育基金會《電力電子科教發(fā)展計劃》項目（DREG2013009）為背景和支撐，對異步電機低開關(guān)頻率（200~300Hz）下的高性能控制方案進行了較為全面深入的研究，主要工作包括： 將模型預(yù)測控制引入到逆變器驅(qū)動電機控制領(lǐng)域，提出一種單步模型預(yù)測直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制（MPDTC）方法，以磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差平方和作為價值函數(shù)，優(yōu)先懲罰其中較大的偏差，減小了磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動。通過在價值函數(shù)中添加開關(guān)跳變次數(shù)約束適當(dāng)降低了開關(guān)頻率。仿真結(jié)果驗證了該MPDTC方法的有效性，同時也發(fā)現(xiàn)單步預(yù)測控制難以權(quán)衡多個控制目標(biāo)。 在單步MPTDC的基礎(chǔ)上，以NPC三電平逆變器驅(qū)動異步電機系統(tǒng)為控制對象，引入狀態(tài)輸出軌跡外推形成長預(yù)測范圍，提出一種新穎的低開關(guān)頻率MPDTC方法。以平均開關(guān)頻率作為價值函數(shù)，將控制問題描述為一個帶約束條件的有限狀態(tài)集滾動時域優(yōu)化問題。針對優(yōu)化求解的不可行性，，采用更新優(yōu)化準(zhǔn)則價值函數(shù)的策略。該方法可使系統(tǒng)運行在300Hz左右的低開關(guān)頻率下獲得快速的動態(tài)響應(yīng)和較理想的電流諧波畸變。針對4kW和1.6MW異步電機驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的仿真研究對其有效性進行了評估驗證。 在本文確立的MPTDC方法基礎(chǔ)上，提出一種低開關(guān)頻率的模型預(yù)測直接電流控制（MPDCC）方法，使得逆變器開關(guān)頻率最小化且保持電流軌跡在給定滯環(huán)范圍內(nèi)。該方法可將NPC三電平逆變器開關(guān)頻率降低至300Hz以下，同時獲得了較理想的電流諧波畸變和動靜態(tài)性能。與已有單步預(yù)測電流控制的對比仿真結(jié)果驗證了其有效性。 針對所提低開關(guān)頻率MPDTC和MPDCC方法諧波性能不如采用優(yōu)化PWM時理想，優(yōu)化PWM不能直接應(yīng)用于高性能閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，本文深入研究了一種基于自控電機定子磁鏈軌跡跟蹤控制（FTTC）的優(yōu)化PWM閉環(huán)方案。提出結(jié)合SHEPWM特點的脈沖實時修正策略，實現(xiàn)了磁鏈軌跡跟蹤控制。仿真結(jié)果表明，該方法既能在200Hz~300Hz的低開關(guān)頻率下獲得較小諧波畸變，又具有快速響應(yīng)能力，相比本文所提的低開關(guān)頻率MPDTC和MPDCC方法，其電流諧波性能更優(yōu)。 研究了一種基于模型預(yù)測磁鏈軌跡跟蹤的優(yōu)化PWM新型閉環(huán)控制方案，在不需要估計基波分量的前提下實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化PWM的閉環(huán)控制。將控制問題構(gòu)造為一個帶邊界約束條件的二次目標(biāo)函數(shù)型最優(yōu)化問題，設(shè)計了基于無差拍（DB）和二次規(guī)劃（QP）的模型預(yù)測磁鏈軌跡跟蹤控制器�；谠撔滦烷]環(huán)系統(tǒng)的仿真結(jié)果表明，QP法能盡可能小地修正優(yōu)化PWM同時消除磁鏈偏差，電流諧波性能比DB法略好。相比基于自控電機模型的FTTC閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單，兩者動靜態(tài)性能相當(dāng)，電流總諧波畸變率都維持在5%以內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:Reducing the switching frequency of inverter switching devices can increase the output power, but will increase the harmonic distortion. High-performance control of large-capacity inverter with low switching frequency involves the adoption of suitable motor control strategy, which can achieve less harmonic distortion at low switching frequency, and at the same time, it can make the system have fast response capability and is AC. A difficult problem in high performance control of medium voltage and high power drives for induction motors. This paper compares the high performance control schemes of induction motors under low switching frequency (200~300 Hz) with the background and support of the National Natural Science Foundation (51377102) and the Delta Environment and Education Foundation (DREG2013009) projects. Comprehensive and in-depth research, the main work includes:
Model predictive control (MPDTC) is introduced into the field of inverter-driven motor control. A one-step model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) method is proposed, in which the sum of the squares of flux and torque deviations is taken as the value function, and the larger deviations are given priority punishment, thus reducing the flux linkage and torque ripple. The simulation results show that the MPDTC method is effective and the single-step predictive control is difficult to balance multiple control objectives.
On the basis of single-step MPTDC and NPC three-level inverter-driven asynchronous motor system as the control object, a novel low-switching-frequency MPDTC method is proposed by introducing state output trajectory extrapolation to form a long prediction range. The control problem is described as a finite state set roll with constraints by taking the average switching-frequency as the value function. Dynamic-time domain optimization problem. In view of the infeasibility of the optimization solution, the strategy of updating the optimization criterion value function is adopted. This method can make the system run at low switching frequency of about 300 Hz to obtain fast dynamic response and better current harmonic distortion. It has been evaluated and verified.
A low switching frequency model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) method is proposed to minimize the switching frequency of the inverter and keep the current trajectory within a given hysteresis range. This method can reduce the switching frequency of the NPC three-level inverter to less than 300 Hz, and obtain an ideal current. Harmonic distortion and dynamic and static performance are compared with the existing single-step predictive current control.
Because the harmonic performance of the proposed MPDTC and MPDCC methods with low switching frequency is not as good as that of the optimized PWM, the optimized PWM can not be directly applied to the high performance closed-loop control system. An optimized PWM closed-loop scheme based on the stator flux tracking control (FTTC) of the automatic control motor is studied in detail in this paper. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only achieve small harmonic distortion at low switching frequencies of 200 Hz to 300 Hz, but also has fast response ability. Compared with the proposed low switching frequency MPDTC and MPDCCC methods, its current harmonic performance is better.
A new closed-loop control scheme of optimal PWM based on model predictive flux trajectory tracking is studied. The closed-loop control of optimal PWM is realized without estimating fundamental component. The control problem is constructed as a quadratic objective function type optimization problem with boundary constraints, and the deadbeat (DB) and quadratic programming (QP) are designed. The simulation results based on the new closed-loop system show that the QP method can modify the optimized PWM and eliminate the flux deviation as little as possible, and the current harmonic performance is slightly better than that of DB method. The total harmonic distortion is maintained within 5%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM343
本文編號：2191811
[Abstract]:Reducing the switching frequency of inverter switching devices can increase the output power, but will increase the harmonic distortion. High-performance control of large-capacity inverter with low switching frequency involves the adoption of suitable motor control strategy, which can achieve less harmonic distortion at low switching frequency, and at the same time, it can make the system have fast response capability and is AC. A difficult problem in high performance control of medium voltage and high power drives for induction motors. This paper compares the high performance control schemes of induction motors under low switching frequency (200~300 Hz) with the background and support of the National Natural Science Foundation (51377102) and the Delta Environment and Education Foundation (DREG2013009) projects. Comprehensive and in-depth research, the main work includes:
Model predictive control (MPDTC) is introduced into the field of inverter-driven motor control. A one-step model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) method is proposed, in which the sum of the squares of flux and torque deviations is taken as the value function, and the larger deviations are given priority punishment, thus reducing the flux linkage and torque ripple. The simulation results show that the MPDTC method is effective and the single-step predictive control is difficult to balance multiple control objectives.
On the basis of single-step MPTDC and NPC three-level inverter-driven asynchronous motor system as the control object, a novel low-switching-frequency MPDTC method is proposed by introducing state output trajectory extrapolation to form a long prediction range. The control problem is described as a finite state set roll with constraints by taking the average switching-frequency as the value function. Dynamic-time domain optimization problem. In view of the infeasibility of the optimization solution, the strategy of updating the optimization criterion value function is adopted. This method can make the system run at low switching frequency of about 300 Hz to obtain fast dynamic response and better current harmonic distortion. It has been evaluated and verified.
A low switching frequency model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) method is proposed to minimize the switching frequency of the inverter and keep the current trajectory within a given hysteresis range. This method can reduce the switching frequency of the NPC three-level inverter to less than 300 Hz, and obtain an ideal current. Harmonic distortion and dynamic and static performance are compared with the existing single-step predictive current control.
Because the harmonic performance of the proposed MPDTC and MPDCC methods with low switching frequency is not as good as that of the optimized PWM, the optimized PWM can not be directly applied to the high performance closed-loop control system. An optimized PWM closed-loop scheme based on the stator flux tracking control (FTTC) of the automatic control motor is studied in detail in this paper. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only achieve small harmonic distortion at low switching frequencies of 200 Hz to 300 Hz, but also has fast response ability. Compared with the proposed low switching frequency MPDTC and MPDCCC methods, its current harmonic performance is better.
A new closed-loop control scheme of optimal PWM based on model predictive flux trajectory tracking is studied. The closed-loop control of optimal PWM is realized without estimating fundamental component. The control problem is constructed as a quadratic objective function type optimization problem with boundary constraints, and the deadbeat (DB) and quadratic programming (QP) are designed. The simulation results based on the new closed-loop system show that the QP method can modify the optimized PWM and eliminate the flux deviation as little as possible, and the current harmonic performance is slightly better than that of DB method. The total harmonic distortion is maintained within 5%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM343
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