【摘要】：微生物燃料電池(MFC)是一種利用微生物代謝有機(jī)質(zhì)產(chǎn)生電能的裝置，在微生物電化學(xué)和燃料電池的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來。本文采用傳統(tǒng)的雙室微生物燃料電池為研究對(duì)象，，以空氣作為陰極電子受體，分析了一系列非生物因素對(duì)其產(chǎn)電性能的影響，優(yōu)化了MFC產(chǎn)電性能；接著在空氣陰極微生物燃料電池的基礎(chǔ)上，研究MFC處理含鉻廢水時(shí)的產(chǎn)電性能和影響因素。 為了優(yōu)化MFC的產(chǎn)電性能，以空氣作為陰極電子受體，通過改變陽(yáng)極底物、離子交換膜和陰極電子受體等條件，分析其對(duì)MFC產(chǎn)電性能的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示：（1）以乙酸鈉為陽(yáng)極底物時(shí)，啟動(dòng)過程中所用時(shí)間（15天）較少，而以葡萄糖為底物時(shí)產(chǎn)電性能較乙酸鈉作底物時(shí)有所提高，最大開路電壓OCV達(dá)到618（552）mV，最大功率密度為54.39（46.12）mW/m2；（2）陽(yáng)極營(yíng)養(yǎng)液的供給方式也對(duì)產(chǎn)電性能有所影響，連續(xù)式供給時(shí)的MFC獲取的最大功率密度要比序批式供給高出12.33mW/m2；（3）陰極液中性條件下，采用質(zhì)子交換膜（PEM）時(shí)MFC的產(chǎn)電性能最佳，OCV達(dá)654mV，與陽(yáng)離子交換膜（CEM）時(shí)的632mV和陰離子交換膜（AEM）時(shí)的619mV相比略有高，可獲得最大功率密度分別為77.01、66.72和57.18mW/m2，仍是PEM時(shí)最高；（4）陰極分別采用碳布、普通石墨板、光譜純（SPG）石墨板，對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)采用SPG石墨板時(shí)可獲取的OCV為618mV，最大功率密度為72.96mW/m2，都為三者中的最高；（5）對(duì)比空氣、重鉻酸鉀和過硫酸鈉在酸性條件下作為陰極電子受體時(shí)的產(chǎn)電性能，過硫酸鈉作陰極電子受體時(shí)，雖然OCV和最大功率密度都為三者最高（分別為1412mV和674.16mW/m2），但是其產(chǎn)電不穩(wěn)定，重鉻酸鉀作陰極電子受體時(shí)，OCV達(dá)到1339mV，最大功率密度為568.43mW/m2，較過硫酸鈉來說都有所降低，但是產(chǎn)電穩(wěn)定高效，是比較理想的電子受體。 基于空氣陰極的MFC處理含鉻(Ⅵ)廢水時(shí)，pH、六價(jià)鉻初始濃度和曝氣都是六價(jià)鉻去除效率和產(chǎn)電性能的重要影響因素。研究結(jié)論如下：（1）六價(jià)鉻的去除效率和產(chǎn)電性能都隨著pH值的降低而升高，在pH=2時(shí)六價(jià)鉻達(dá)到最佳的處理效果，濃度為50mg/L的六價(jià)鉻經(jīng)過50h的處理后，去除率達(dá)到100%，同時(shí)能夠獲得最大的功率密度568.42mW/m2；（2）基于最佳的pH=2，隨著六價(jià)鉻初始濃度的增加，六價(jià)鉻去除所需要的時(shí)間隨之增加，但是所獲得的最大功率密度卻有所增加。當(dāng)初始濃度達(dá)到100mg/L時(shí)，可獲取的最大功率密度可達(dá)到705.33mW/m2；（3）通過曝氮?dú)夂推乜諝獾谋容^，推斷曝空氣時(shí)可能生成了中間產(chǎn)物H2O2，加快了六價(jià)鉻的去除，且在六價(jià)鉻濃度較低時(shí)表現(xiàn)明顯。另外，曝空氣能降低電池內(nèi)阻和減小陰極極化，從而增大產(chǎn)電性能。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a kind of device which uses microbial metabolized organic matter to produce electric energy. It is developed on the basis of microbial electrochemistry and fuel cell. In this paper, the effects of a series of abiotic factors on the electrical properties of conventional two-chamber microbial fuel cells were analyzed, and the electrical properties of MFC were optimized by using air as cathode electron receptor. Then, on the basis of air cathode microbial fuel cell, the electrical properties and influencing factors of MFC treatment of chromium-containing wastewater were studied. In order to optimize the electrical properties of MFC, the influence of air as cathode electron receptor on the electrical properties of MFC was analyzed by changing the anode substrate, ion exchange membrane and cathode electron receptor. The results showed that: (1) when sodium acetate was used as anode substrate, the starting time (15 days) was less, but the electrical performance of glucose substrate was improved than that of sodium acetate substrate. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) reached 618 (552) MV and the maximum power density was 54.39 (46.12) MW / m2. (2) the supply mode of anodic nutrient solution also affected the electrical performance. The maximum power density obtained by MFC with continuous supply was 12.33 MW / m2 higher than that of sequential batch supply. (3) under neutral cathodic solution, MFC with proton exchange membrane (PEM) had the best electrical performance of 654mV, which was slightly higher than that of 632mV with cationic exchange membrane (CEM) and (AEM) with anion exchange membrane. The maximum power density is 77.01mW / m2 and 57.18mW / m2 respectively, which is still the highest at PEM. (4) the cathode adopts carbon cloth, ordinary graphite plate and spectral pure (SPG) graphite plate, respectively. It was found that the OCV obtained with SPG graphite plate was 618mV and the maximum power density was 72.96mW / m2, which was the highest of the three. (5) the electrical properties of air, potassium dichromate and sodium persulfate as cathode electron receptors under acidic conditions were compared. When sodium persulfate acts as cathode electron acceptor, although OCV and maximum power density are the highest (1412mV and 674.16mW/m2, respectively), the generation of electricity is unstable. When potassium dichromate acts as cathode electron acceptor, the OCV is 1339mV, and the maximum power density is 568.43mW / m2, which is lower than sodium persulfate, but the generation of electricity is stable and efficient, so it is an ideal electron acceptor. The pH of chromium (鈪

本文編號(hào)：2190209