【摘要】：全球氣候變暖嚴(yán)重影響了人類社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,減少二氧化碳為首的溫室氣體排放能有效遏制這一趨勢�；鹆Πl(fā)電是我國主要的電能生產(chǎn)方式,碳排放量巨大,將傳統(tǒng)火電廠改造成為碳捕集電廠,是實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率、大規(guī)模碳減排的理想手段。在當(dāng)前碳捕集技術(shù)發(fā)展不成熟的階段,研究如何合理地對原有火電廠進(jìn)行碳捕集系統(tǒng)配置具有十分重要的意義。論文對三種主要的碳捕集系統(tǒng)的工作原理進(jìn)行了介紹,簡要分析了火電廠進(jìn)行碳捕集系統(tǒng)改造之后的運(yùn)行特性變化和影響碳捕集系統(tǒng)配置的相關(guān)因素；重點(diǎn)闡述了學(xué)習(xí)曲線方法的基本原理,分析了其在能源領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用情況�；谔疾都夹g(shù)與燃煤機(jī)組煙氣脫硫技術(shù)具有類似的學(xué)習(xí)特性,從燃煤機(jī)組煙氣脫硫技術(shù)歷史數(shù)據(jù)出發(fā),分析得出了相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)曲線模型,將該學(xué)習(xí)曲線模型類比應(yīng)用于碳捕集系統(tǒng)的成本分析,以預(yù)測碳捕集技術(shù)成本的發(fā)展變化趨勢;同時(shí)對傳統(tǒng)火電廠的發(fā)電成本、發(fā)電效率等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了分析,對改造之后的碳捕集電廠相應(yīng)指標(biāo)的變化進(jìn)行了量化,根據(jù)量化后的指標(biāo),結(jié)合碳捕集技術(shù)在示范階段、推廣階段、商業(yè)化運(yùn)營階段的技術(shù)成本變化趨勢,建立了以綜合各階段系統(tǒng)造價(jià)、運(yùn)行維護(hù)費(fèi)用、運(yùn)行能耗費(fèi)用的總投資費(fèi)用最小為目標(biāo),滿足各階段減排指標(biāo)約束、總減排量約束的碳捕集系統(tǒng)分階段優(yōu)化配置模型,并采用離散粒子群算法求解模型。通過算例仿真,得到了規(guī)劃期內(nèi)火電廠碳捕集系統(tǒng)分階段最優(yōu)配置方案,并對各階段總投資費(fèi)用、系統(tǒng)造價(jià)、運(yùn)行維護(hù)費(fèi)用、運(yùn)行能耗費(fèi)用進(jìn)行了分析,求解出改造之后的發(fā)電成本增量和發(fā)電效率的損失。學(xué)習(xí)曲線模型對碳捕集技術(shù)各階段的技術(shù)成本進(jìn)行了預(yù)測,可以有效防止無規(guī)劃的碳捕集系統(tǒng)配置帶來的浪費(fèi)。同時(shí)所建立的碳捕集系統(tǒng)分階段優(yōu)化配置模型,可以為決策者提供一條既滿足階段內(nèi)碳減排指標(biāo),又能使總投資最少的途徑,具有一定的工程實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:Global warming has seriously affected the sustainable development of human society. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions led by carbon dioxide can effectively curb this trend. Thermal power generation is the main mode of power generation in China, and carbon emissions are huge. It is an ideal means to transform traditional thermal power plants into carbon-capture power plants to achieve high efficiency and large-scale carbon emission reduction. In the immature stage of the development of carbon capture technology, it is of great significance to study how to reasonably configure the carbon capture system of the original thermal power plants. The working principle of three main carbon capture systems is introduced in this paper. The operation characteristics of the carbon capture system in thermal power plant and the related factors affecting the configuration of the carbon capture system are analyzed briefly. The basic principle of learning curve method is expounded, and its application in energy field is analyzed. Based on the similar learning characteristics of carbon capture technology and flue gas desulfurization technology of coal-fired units, the corresponding learning curve model is obtained from the historical data of flue gas desulfurization technology of coal-fired units. The learning curve model is applied to the cost analysis of carbon capture system in order to predict the development trend of carbon capture technology cost, and the power generation cost and efficiency of traditional thermal power plant are analyzed. This paper quantifies the change of corresponding indexes of carbon capture power plant after transformation. According to the quantitative index, combined with carbon capture technology, the change trend of technology cost in demonstration stage, extension stage and commercial operation stage is analyzed. In this paper, a multi-stage optimal allocation model of carbon capture system is established, which aims at the minimum total investment cost of system cost, operation maintenance cost and operation energy consumption cost, and meets the emission reduction target constraint in each stage and the total emission reduction constraint in carbon capture system. The discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model. Through the simulation of a numerical example, the optimal configuration scheme of carbon capture system of thermal power plant in the planning period is obtained, and the total investment cost, system cost, operating and maintenance cost, operating energy consumption cost of each stage are analyzed. The increment of generation cost and the loss of generation efficiency after the transformation are solved. The learning curve model predicts the technical cost of each stage of carbon capture technology, which can effectively prevent the waste caused by the unplanned configuration of carbon capture system. At the same time, the model of carbon capture system can provide decision makers with a way that can not only meet the carbon emission reduction target in the stage, but also make the total investment the least, which has a certain engineering practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM621
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本文編號：2188822