【摘要】：能源是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的命脈，與人民生活和人類的生存環(huán)境休戚相關(guān)，在社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展中起著舉足輕重的作用。人類當(dāng)前使用的能源主要來自煤炭、石油等多年儲藏在地下的石化能源，按照目前的開發(fā)力度，幾十年或許一百多年后，地球所儲存的這些能源就將枯竭。因此，開發(fā)可再生能源已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。在可再生能源中，太陽能的熱利用起著舉足輕重的作用。其中，太陽能熱發(fā)電還處于起步階段，具有較大的發(fā)展?jié)摿Α?本課題研究的碟式太陽能熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，其相對于塔式和槽式兩種熱發(fā)電方式，有較高的光熱轉(zhuǎn)換效率。本文重點(diǎn)研究了碟式太陽能熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的兩個(gè)重要組成部分—雙軸跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)和氣動發(fā)動機(jī)。 首先，本文設(shè)計(jì)了基于TMS320F2812DSP為控制核心的太陽能熱發(fā)電雙軸跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)。確定了太陽的運(yùn)行規(guī)律，根據(jù)理論公式、當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)緯度、當(dāng)天的時(shí)間，計(jì)算出太陽的理論高度角和方位角，以此分析控制原理并確定采用混合跟蹤方法。一級跟蹤為視日運(yùn)動軌跡跟蹤，根據(jù)太陽運(yùn)行的一般規(guī)律通過編碼器反饋進(jìn)行高度角和方位角的初始調(diào)節(jié)；二級跟蹤為光電傳感器校正跟蹤，根據(jù)光敏傳感器的電壓偏差進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場調(diào)節(jié)。 其次，碟式太陽能熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的斯特林發(fā)動機(jī)的技術(shù)難度較大、成本較高，本課題采用氣動發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)行替代。因此對氣動發(fā)動機(jī)的基本原理、工作循環(huán)以及輸出功率進(jìn)行了分析，為進(jìn)一步研究氣動發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)行理論分析。 然后，對跟蹤系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬，，以云臺為基本架構(gòu)，對兩相電機(jī)特點(diǎn)及磁場進(jìn)行了理論分析，對所用的變壓器、變頻器等器件進(jìn)行了選型，控制器采用TMS320F2812DSP，完成了相應(yīng)的外圍電路設(shè)計(jì)，搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺；軟件設(shè)計(jì)方面，DSP為下位機(jī)，對其進(jìn)行了總體跟蹤策略的軟件設(shè)計(jì)，并用上位機(jī)PC進(jìn)行串行通信，通過LabVIEW完成對時(shí)間、高度角、方位角、傳感器信號等信息的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控，最后進(jìn)行了簡單的調(diào)試試驗(yàn)。 雙軸跟蹤系統(tǒng)的模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺的搭建和測試說明了本文設(shè)計(jì)的控制方案的可行性和有效性；對氣動發(fā)動機(jī)的理論分析也為進(jìn)一步研究氣動發(fā)動機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)和相應(yīng)的發(fā)電系統(tǒng)提供可靠的理論依據(jù)。兩部分內(nèi)容的研究和設(shè)計(jì)對進(jìn)一步深入研究碟式太陽能熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)提供了參考。
[Abstract]:Energy is the lifeblood of the national economy, closely related to people's lives and the living environment of mankind, and plays an important role in the sustainable development of society. Therefore, the development of renewable energy has become a top priority. In renewable energy, the thermal utilization of solar energy plays an important role. Among them, solar thermal power generation is still in its infancy and has great development potential.
The dish solar thermal power generation system has higher photothermal conversion efficiency than the tower and trough thermal power generation systems. This paper focuses on the two important components of the dish solar thermal power generation system-two-axis tracking control system and pneumatic engine.
Firstly, a Dual-axis tracking control system for solar thermal power generation based on DSP TMS320F2812 is designed in this paper. The operation law of the sun is determined. According to the theoretical formula, the local longitude and latitude, the time of the day, the theoretical altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun are calculated. The control principle is analyzed and the hybrid tracking method is adopted. Tracking is to track the sun's motion trajectory, according to the general law of the sun's movement, the altitude angle and azimuth angle are initially adjusted by the encoder feedback, and the secondary tracking is to correct the tracking by photoelectric sensors, and to adjust the field according to the voltage deviation of photosensitive sensors.
Secondly, the Stirling engine in the dish solar thermal power generation system is more difficult and costly, so the pneumatic engine is used to replace the Stirling engine.
Then, the tracking system is simulated in the laboratory, and the characteristics and magnetic field of the two-phase motor are analyzed theoretically with the Yuntai as the basic structure. The transformer and frequency converter are selected. The controller uses TMS320F2812 DSP to complete the corresponding peripheral circuit design and build the experimental platform. The software of the overall tracking strategy is designed and the PC is used for serial communication. The real-time monitoring of time, altitude, azimuth and sensor signal is completed by LabVIEW. Finally, a simple debugging test is carried out.
The construction and test of the simulation experiment platform of the two-axis tracking system show the feasibility and validity of the control scheme designed in this paper; the theoretical analysis of the pneumatic engine also provides a reliable theoretical basis for the further study of the pneumatic engine control system and the corresponding power generation system. It provides a reference for in-depth study of dish type solar thermal power generation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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本文編號：2187827