【摘要】：近年來,在我國頻繁出現(xiàn)各種極端惡劣天氣和自然災害,給工、農業(yè)和人們生活生產造成了嚴重的影響。惡劣天氣使輸電線路發(fā)生故障的概率明顯增加,這會給輸電網的安全運行帶來嚴重的威脅,一旦大面積的停電事故發(fā)生,必將嚴重影響國民經濟建設和社會秩序。為減少自然環(huán)境對電網安全運行的影響,電網企業(yè)普遍采取預防性措施,從規(guī)劃設計階段提高電網建設標準。然而我國電源及負荷呈現(xiàn)逆向分布的態(tài)勢,擔負資源優(yōu)化配置任務的輸電網空間跨度大、跨越區(qū)域地理條件復雜、氣象差異性明顯。若無差別地全面提高電網防護標準,難以保證經濟、高效、合理地提高電網容災抗災能力。與此同時,面對不斷涌現(xiàn)的氣象災害,傳統(tǒng)輸電網規(guī)劃方法的不足之處也慢慢展現(xiàn)出來:不同區(qū)域的輸電網幾乎采用一樣的設防標準,在計算輸電網脆弱性指標時,沒有建立起氣象災害和輸電線路故障率之間的數(shù)學關系,無法確保核心輸電線路在氣象災害發(fā)生時的穩(wěn)定性,違背了輸電網規(guī)劃的經濟性和可靠性原則。因此,結合我國電網特點和發(fā)展情況,建設新型抗災型輸電網,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。為此,本文提出了面向抗災能力提升的輸電網多目標優(yōu)化規(guī)劃方法。在輸電網規(guī)劃中引入差異化的決策變量,以優(yōu)化各個線路的抗災等級,建立計及氣象災害因素的多目標電網規(guī)劃模型。首先,建立基于IEEE標準的輸電線路三狀態(tài)氣象模型,目的是構建氣象狀態(tài)與輸電線路故障率之間的數(shù)學關系;隨后,以輸電網經濟性和脆弱性指標為目標,構建抗災型輸電網多目標規(guī)劃模型,并利用多目標遺傳算法和蒙特卡羅仿真法進行求解。該方法不僅精確各輸電線路的抗災防護等級,有效提高氣象災害發(fā)生時輸電網的抗災能力,還可最大限度的減少線路建設成本,提高規(guī)劃方案的經濟性,對氣象災害頻發(fā)環(huán)境下的輸電網規(guī)劃具有重要的指導意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, severe weather and natural disasters have frequently occurred in our country, which has caused serious impact on workers, agriculture and people's daily life. The probability of transmission line failure is obviously increased by bad weather, which will bring serious threat to the safe operation of transmission network. Once a large area of power failure occurs, it will seriously affect the national economic construction and social order. In order to reduce the impact of natural environment on the safe operation of power grid, the power grid enterprises generally take preventive measures to improve the standard of power grid construction from the stage of planning and design. However, the distribution of power and load in China is reverse. The transmission network with the task of resource optimization has a large span of space, complex geographical conditions across regions, and obvious meteorological differences. It is difficult to ensure economy, high efficiency and reasonable ability to resist disasters if the standard of power grid protection is improved completely and without distinction. At the same time, in the face of the weather disasters, the shortcomings of the traditional transmission network planning methods are gradually revealed: transmission networks in different regions adopt almost the same security standards, and when calculating the vulnerability index of transmission networks, It is impossible to ensure the stability of core transmission lines when meteorological disasters occur without establishing the mathematical relationship between meteorological disasters and fault rate of transmission lines, which violates the economic and reliability principles of transmission network planning. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to build a new type of disaster-resistant transmission network according to the characteristics and development of our country's power grid. Therefore, this paper presents a multi-objective optimization planning method for transmission network. In order to optimize the disaster resistance grade of each transmission line, a multi-objective power network planning model considering meteorological disaster factors is established by introducing differential decision variables into transmission network planning. Firstly, a three-state meteorological model of transmission line based on IEEE standard is established to construct the mathematical relationship between meteorological state and fault rate of transmission line, and then, the economic and vulnerability index of transmission network is taken as the target. The multi-objective programming model of disaster-resistant transmission network is constructed and solved by using multi-objective genetic algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation method. This method can not only accurately protect each transmission line against disasters, but also effectively improve the disaster resistance of transmission network in the event of meteorological disaster, reduce the construction cost of transmission line to the maximum extent, and improve the economy of the planning scheme. It has important guiding significance for transmission network planning under the environment of frequent meteorological disasters.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM715

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