【摘要】：為有效解決分布式電源的接入給電網(wǎng)帶來的影響，微電網(wǎng)概念被提出。為保證微電網(wǎng)高效可靠運(yùn)行，滿足客戶對高質(zhì)量電能的需求，微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)成為微電網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。與配電網(wǎng)不同，由于微電網(wǎng)中多數(shù)微電源接口采用電力電子變流器，使得采用適當(dāng)?shù)目刂撇呗詫?shí)現(xiàn)微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量主動控制成為可能，在微電網(wǎng)中主要通過實(shí)現(xiàn)微電源接口微網(wǎng)變流器的復(fù)合控制，以及采用相應(yīng)的控制策略提高微網(wǎng)變流器運(yùn)行性能來實(shí)現(xiàn)電能質(zhì)量主動控制。本文以微電網(wǎng)為研究對象，對微電網(wǎng)的電能質(zhì)量主動控制，包括實(shí)現(xiàn)儲能電源接口變流器復(fù)合電能質(zhì)量補(bǔ)償功能的多目標(biāo)控制策略、儲能電源接口雙四橋臂變流器電能質(zhì)量控制策略、非理想電壓條件下提高微網(wǎng)變流器運(yùn)行性能的控制策略等問題展開研究。 論文首先針對微電網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)造、運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)以及負(fù)荷特性，分析微電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)及其控制方法，指出由于儲能微網(wǎng)變流器與電能質(zhì)量治理裝置有相同的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，，因此具備電能質(zhì)量主動控制條件；然后分析比較現(xiàn)有三種微電網(wǎng)PQ控制策略，指出由于受到濾波電感誤差或電網(wǎng)感抗的影響導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)性能降低，為改善性能采用功率、電流完全解耦的微網(wǎng)變流器PQ控制策略；最后建立了基于PQ控制微網(wǎng)變流器諾頓等效電路的微電網(wǎng)等效模型，以此為基礎(chǔ)深入分析微電網(wǎng)電壓波動原因和微電網(wǎng)與配電網(wǎng)間諧波諧振交互機(jī)理。 為有效抑制電壓不平衡、諧波畸變干擾，采用基于自適應(yīng)陷波器(Adaptive Notch Filter, ANF)的正負(fù)序分量分解方法提取電網(wǎng)電壓基波正、負(fù)序分量，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)補(bǔ)償電流檢測和參考電流計(jì)算。為充分利用儲能電源接口變流器冗余容量，實(shí)現(xiàn)電能質(zhì)量主動補(bǔ)償，研究具有微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量主動治理功能的儲能微網(wǎng)變流器多目標(biāo)控制策略。該控制策略可以使儲能系統(tǒng)平抑微電網(wǎng)功率波動，同時(shí)在全補(bǔ)償控制方式下實(shí)現(xiàn)諧波、無功和不平衡電流的全頻段范圍補(bǔ)償，在分頻選擇補(bǔ)償控制方式下基于比例矢量比例積分(Proportional Vector Proportional-integral, PVPI)控制還可實(shí)現(xiàn)對諧波、無功和不平衡電流有選擇的分頻進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。兩種多目標(biāo)控制策略可以有效利用儲能系統(tǒng)，提高微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量，減小對配電網(wǎng)的影響。 在儲能微網(wǎng)變流器多目標(biāo)控制的基礎(chǔ)上，為進(jìn)一步解決配電網(wǎng)與微電網(wǎng)之間電能質(zhì)量交互影響，對具有靈活接入方式的超級電容(Super Capacitor, SC)儲能電源雙四橋臂變流器(Microgrid Power Quality Controller, MGPQC)的控制策略進(jìn)行研究。在串-并聯(lián)接入方式下，為補(bǔ)償公共連接點(diǎn)(Point of Common Coupling, PCC)電壓跌落，根據(jù)SC的剩余容量(SC-SOC)，提出一種電壓跌落協(xié)調(diào)補(bǔ)償策略，通過微電源、SC和普通負(fù)荷切除之間的協(xié)調(diào)控制使得PCC電壓始終維持在正常水平；在串聯(lián)接入方式下，分析了電網(wǎng)電壓不平衡、諧波畸變對MGPQC傳輸功率的影響，采用SC儲能平抑MGPQC中間直流側(cè)功率波動，提高微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量，避免配電網(wǎng)對微電網(wǎng)的影響。為實(shí)現(xiàn)變流器正、負(fù)序電流統(tǒng)一控制，采用多諧振PVPI控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)電流內(nèi)環(huán)控制。上述方法提高了微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量，增強(qiáng)了微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行能力。 為提高電網(wǎng)電壓不平衡、諧波畸變條件下LCL濾波微網(wǎng)變流器的運(yùn)行性能，結(jié)合電容電流反饋有源阻尼和電網(wǎng)電壓前饋控制，提出基于PVPI控制的非理想電壓條件下微電網(wǎng)變流器PQ控制策略，控制策略不需要鎖相環(huán)和對電流進(jìn)行正負(fù)序分離，計(jì)算量小，簡化了系統(tǒng)控制結(jié)構(gòu)，并可以改善微網(wǎng)變流器輸出電能質(zhì)量，提高非理想電壓條件下微網(wǎng)變流器運(yùn)行性能；針對電流閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)由于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、參數(shù)較多導(dǎo)致的系統(tǒng)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)困難，以及通過參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)提高系統(tǒng)魯棒性的設(shè)計(jì)要求，提出一種提高系統(tǒng)魯棒性的簡化電流閉環(huán)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法，采用頻率法分析電容電流反饋系數(shù)和PVPI控制器各參數(shù)對電流環(huán)性能的影響，根據(jù)穩(wěn)定性、幅值裕度和相位裕度要求，分別設(shè)計(jì)電容電流反饋系數(shù)、PVPI控制器的相對諧振增益系數(shù)和比例系數(shù)。該方法采用解析計(jì)算，簡化了參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)，提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性、魯棒性和動態(tài)響應(yīng)性能。
[Abstract]:In order to ensure the efficient and reliable operation of the micro-grid and satisfy the customers'demand for high-quality power, the power quality control technology of the micro-grid has become one of the key technologies of the micro-grid. Unlike the distribution network, most of the micro-grid power interfaces are adopted. With the power electronic converter, it is possible to adopt appropriate control strategy to realize the active control of power quality in microgrid. In microgrid, the active control of power quality is realized mainly by realizing the compound control of microgrid converter with microgrid interface and adopting corresponding control strategy to improve the operation performance of microgrid converter. The active power quality control of micro-grid includes multi-objective control strategy to realize the composite power quality compensation function of energy storage power interface converter, power quality control strategy of dual-four-leg converter with energy storage power interface, and control strategy to improve the performance of micro-grid converter under non-ideal voltage conditions. The problem is studied.
Firstly, according to the network structure, operation characteristics and load characteristics of micro-grid, the structure and control method of micro-grid are analyzed. It is pointed out that the converter of energy storage micro-grid has the same topology structure as the power quality control device, so it has the conditions of active power quality control. It is pointed out that the system performance is degraded due to the influence of filter inductance error or grid inductance reactance. In order to improve the performance, the PQ control strategy of microgrid converter with power and current completely decoupled is adopted. Finally, the equivalent model of microgrid based on Norton equivalent circuit of microgrid converter controlled by PQ is established, and the voltage wave of microgrid is analyzed in depth on this basis. Dynamic reason and interaction mechanism of harmonic resonance between microgrid and distribution network.
In order to effectively suppress voltage unbalance and harmonic distortion, the positive and negative sequence components of fundamental voltage are extracted based on adaptive notch filter (ANF) to realize compensation current detection and reference current calculation. The multi-objective control strategy of the energy storage microgrid converter with the function of active power quality control is studied. The strategy can make the energy storage system suppress the power fluctuation of the microgrid, and realize the full-band compensation of harmonics, reactive power and unbalanced current under the full-compensation control mode, and select compensation control in the frequency division. Proportional Vector Proportional-integral (PVPI) control can also be used to compensate harmonics, reactive power and unbalanced currents selectively. Two multi-objective control strategies can effectively utilize energy storage system to improve the power quality of micro-grid and reduce the impact on distribution network.
On the basis of multi-objective control of energy storage micro-grid converter, in order to further solve the power quality interaction between distribution network and micro-grid, the control strategy of double four-leg microgrid power quality controller (MGPQC) with flexible access mode for super-capacitor (SC) energy storage power supply is studied. In order to compensate for the voltage sag at the common point of connection (PCC), a voltage sag coordination compensation strategy is proposed according to SC-SOC. PCC voltage is always maintained at normal level through the coordination control between micro-power, SC and common load removal. The influence of unbalanced voltage and harmonic distortion on MGPQC transmission power is studied. SC energy storage is used to suppress the power fluctuation at the middle DC side of MGPQC, improve the power quality of microgrid and avoid the influence of distribution network on microgrid. The power quality of the microgrid is improved, and the grid connected operation capability of the microgrid is enhanced.
In order to improve the performance of LCL filter microgrid converter under unbalanced grid voltage and harmonic distortion, a PQ control strategy based on PVPI control is proposed, which combines active damping with capacitor current feedback and feedforward control of grid voltage. The control strategy does not require phase-locked loop and positive-negative sequence separation of current. It can also improve the output power quality of the micro-grid converter and improve the performance of the micro-grid converter under non-ideal voltage conditions. It is difficult to design the parameters of the current closed-loop system because of the complex structure and the large number of parameters, and to improve the robustness of the system through parameter design. In order to improve the robustness of the system, a simplified current closed-loop parameter design method is proposed. The influence of the capacitor current feedback coefficient and the parameters of the PVPI controller on the performance of the current loop is analyzed by the frequency method. According to the requirements of stability, amplitude margin and phase margin, the capacitor current feedback coefficient and the relative resonant gain of the PVPI controller are designed respectively. The method simplifies the parameter design and improves the stability, robustness and dynamic response performance of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM711

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