【摘要】：隨著能源短缺問(wèn)題的日益嚴(yán)重,風(fēng)力發(fā)電成為了一種重要的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),并且變速恒頻永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為風(fēng)電領(lǐng)域里的主力軍。目前,其中的雙PWM“背靠背”全功率變流拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,逆變器作為并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,其控制策略的研究對(duì)提高系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)速度、提高系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力、對(duì)提高電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性和對(duì)提高電能質(zhì)量具有重要的意義。由于并網(wǎng)逆變器在能量轉(zhuǎn)換和傳輸?shù)倪^(guò)程中起到了很重要的作用,為了能夠確保電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定、減少電網(wǎng)諧波畸變、提高電壓利用率,本文主要針對(duì)風(fēng)力發(fā)電并網(wǎng)逆變器的控制方法進(jìn)行了深入的研究。以三相電壓型PWM逆變器為對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究,分析了逆變器開關(guān)管的工作原理,推導(dǎo)了數(shù)學(xué)模型,并詳細(xì)的研究了并網(wǎng)逆變器的基于SVPWM調(diào)制的雙環(huán)控制策略和直接功率控制策略兩種主要的控制方法,在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上建立了系統(tǒng)仿真模型,仿真驗(yàn)證理論的正確性,并總結(jié)了兩種控制方法各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。首先,總結(jié)了風(fēng)力發(fā)電的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義、發(fā)展和研究現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行方案討論,確定了永磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng),并采用雙PWM “背靠背”變流拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)分析網(wǎng)側(cè)逆變器的電路結(jié)構(gòu)和原理,分別在三種坐標(biāo)系下推導(dǎo)了相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。并對(duì)逆變器控制策略的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了總體概述,確立了本文的研究方向。其次,設(shè)計(jì)并采用了電壓外環(huán)電流內(nèi)環(huán)的雙環(huán)控制方式,并在詳細(xì)介紹空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制(SVPWM)原理的基礎(chǔ)上,講解了 SVPWM調(diào)制的實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程,仿真驗(yàn)證了基于SVPWM的雙閉環(huán)控制策略理論的正確性,仿真證明其具有電流波形好,電流諧波畸變低的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn),應(yīng)用效果良好。再次,介紹了直接功率控制策略,對(duì)基于電壓定向和基于虛擬磁鏈的直接功率控制原理及實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析和講解,并提出了一種預(yù)測(cè)直接功率控制算法來(lái)改進(jìn)原有的直接功率控制策略的開關(guān)頻率不固定的問(wèn)題,并對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)直接功率控制的原理及作用時(shí)間的處理方法進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的研究。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink環(huán)境下分別搭建系統(tǒng)仿真模型,仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了直接功率控制算法理論分析的正確性。采用的控制方法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)良的并網(wǎng)性能,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)單位功率因數(shù)運(yùn)行,并且網(wǎng)側(cè)電流正弦化效果良好,達(dá)到了預(yù)期設(shè)計(jì)的并網(wǎng)目的,并分析總結(jié)了控制策略的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適應(yīng)的情況。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious problem of energy shortage, wind power generation has become an important development trend, and variable speed constant frequency permanent magnet direct drive wind power system has become the main force in the field of wind power. At present, the double PWM "back-to-back" full-power converter topology has been widely used. As an important part of grid-connected generation system, the research of control strategy of inverter can improve the response speed of the system. It is of great significance to improve the stability of power grid and improve the power quality by improving the anti-jamming ability of the system. Since grid-connected inverter plays an important role in the process of energy conversion and transmission, in order to ensure the stability of the grid, reduce the harmonic distortion of the power grid, and improve the utilization of voltage. This paper mainly focuses on the control method of grid-connected inverter for wind power generation. The three-phase voltage-source PWM inverter is studied. The working principle of the inverter switch tube is analyzed, and the mathematical model is derived. Two main control methods of grid-connected inverter based on double loop control strategy and direct power control strategy based on SVPWM modulation are studied in detail. The system simulation model is established on the basis of theoretical analysis and the simulation results verify the correctness of the theory. The advantages and disadvantages of the two control methods are summarized. Firstly, the practical significance, development and research status of wind power generation are summarized. The scheme of wind power generation system is discussed, and the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system is determined, and the double PWM "back-to-back" converter topology is adopted. By analyzing the circuit structure and principle of grid-side inverter, the corresponding mathematical models are derived in three coordinate systems. The development of inverter control strategy is summarized, and the research direction of this paper is established. Secondly, the double loop control mode of voltage outer loop current inner loop is designed and adopted. On the basis of introducing the principle of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) in detail, the realization process of SVPWM modulation is explained. The simulation verifies the correctness of the theory of double closed loop control strategy based on SVPWM. The simulation results show that it has the outstanding advantages of good current waveform and low current harmonic distortion, and the application effect is good. Thirdly, the direct power control strategy is introduced. The principle and realization process of direct power control based on voltage orientation and virtual flux linkage are analyzed and explained in detail. A predictive direct power control algorithm is proposed to improve the unfixed switching frequency of the original direct power control strategy. The principle of predictive direct power control and the processing method of operation time are studied in detail. Finally, the system simulation models are built in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis of the direct power control algorithm. The proposed control method can achieve excellent grid-connection performance, realize unit power factor operation, and the sinusoidal effect of grid side current is good. The advantages and disadvantages of the control strategy are analyzed and summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM614;TM464

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本文編號(hào)：2180180