【摘要】：風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片是風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的重要組成部分之一。隨著風(fēng)力機(jī)的大型化，葉片尺度不斷增大，大型風(fēng)力機(jī)在陣風(fēng)和暴風(fēng)環(huán)境下運(yùn)行時(shí)，會(huì)出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)、變形等不穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)象，影響正常工作。本文以某型1.65MW水平軸風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片為研究對(duì)象，采用ANSYS和CFX弱耦合的方式對(duì)不同環(huán)境下的葉片進(jìn)行流固耦合數(shù)值模擬，旨在研究葉片在氣動(dòng)載荷和結(jié)構(gòu)體相互作用下的受力和穩(wěn)定特性。論文的主要工作如下： (1)建立了風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片的幾何外形和有限元模型。在此模型基礎(chǔ)上，模擬靜力測(cè)試試驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，通過(guò)與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比，證明了模型的有效性，較好的模擬了葉片的真實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)提出用CFX和ANSYS求解的流固耦合方案，通過(guò)方柱薄板繞流振動(dòng)算例計(jì)算與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相比較，驗(yàn)證該耦合方法的可靠性。采用此耦合方法研究了風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片在恒定風(fēng)速工況下的受力和穩(wěn)定性特性，并與未耦合條件下的計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明，葉片在耦合作用下表面壓力差沿展向逐漸增大，在與結(jié)構(gòu)體的耦合作用下導(dǎo)致葉片振動(dòng)、變形，，振動(dòng)形式符合模態(tài)分析結(jié)果。 (3)對(duì)陣風(fēng)和暴風(fēng)復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的葉片進(jìn)行了穩(wěn)定性分析。建立了周期性極端陣風(fēng)和隨機(jī)陣風(fēng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。采用ANSYS/CFX流固耦合方法數(shù)值研究了三種復(fù)雜風(fēng)速環(huán)境（即周期性極端陣風(fēng)、隨機(jī)陣風(fēng)和暴風(fēng)）下的風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片受力和穩(wěn)定性，分析了葉片的振動(dòng)過(guò)程。通過(guò)這三種工況的對(duì)比研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片的振動(dòng)形式以一階揮舞形式為主，葉片的位移沿展向逐漸增大且葉尖附近變化最為顯著。葉片表面的應(yīng)力主要集中在葉展中部位置，為葉片的安全性考慮，此處結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度應(yīng)加強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Wind turbine blade is one of the important components of wind turbine. With the large scale of wind turbine and the increasing of blade scale, the unstable phenomena such as structural vibration and deformation will occur when the large wind turbine is operating in gusts and storms, which will affect the normal operation of the wind turbine. In this paper, the fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation of a 1.65MW horizontal axis wind turbine blade under different environments is carried out by using ANSYS and CFX weak coupling method. The purpose of this paper is to study the force and stability characteristics of blades under aerodynamic loading and structural interaction. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the geometry and finite element model of wind turbine blade are established. On the basis of the model, the static test is simulated and the modal analysis is carried out. The validity of the model is proved by comparing with the experimental data. The real structure of the blade is well simulated. (2) the fluid-solid coupling scheme solved by CFX and ANSYS is proposed. The reliability of the coupling method is verified by comparing the numerical results of the flow vibration around a square column thin plate with the experimental results. This coupling method is used to study the force and stability characteristics of wind turbine blades under the condition of constant wind speed, and the results are compared with those under uncoupled conditions. The results show that the surface pressure difference of the blade increases gradually along the spanned direction under the coupling action, which results in the blade vibration and deformation under the coupling action with the structure. The vibration form is consistent with the modal analysis results. (3) the blade stability under the complex gusts and storm conditions is analyzed. The mathematical models of periodic extreme gusts and random gusts are established. The force and stability of wind turbine blades under three complex wind speeds (i.e. periodic extreme gusts random gusts and storm winds) are numerically studied using ANSYS/CFX fluid-solid coupling method and the vibration process of the blades is analyzed. Through the comparative study of the three working conditions, it is found that the vibration form of the blade is dominated by the first order wave form, the displacement of the blade increases gradually along the span direction and the change near the tip of the blade is most remarkable. The stress on the surface of the blade is mainly concentrated in the middle part of the blade extension, so the strength of the structure should be strengthened for the safety of the blade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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