【摘要】：在能源危機(jī)和環(huán)保壓力下,電力系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的發(fā)展將面臨新的問題。發(fā)電側(cè),為達(dá)到既定的節(jié)能減排目標(biāo),我國相繼出臺了一系列鼓勵發(fā)展可再生能源風(fēng)電的政策；負(fù)荷側(cè),隨著石油的大量消耗,電動汽車整車技術(shù)的不斷提高,電動汽車作為低碳交通工具的先鋒,逐漸受到重視并有望獲得更大范圍的普及。而無論是風(fēng)電還是電動汽車,一旦接入電網(wǎng),均會對電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生諸多不確定性影響。風(fēng)電出力具有間歇性和波動性,需要與之相適應(yīng)的描述方法,并應(yīng)考慮到風(fēng)電消納的實(shí)際困難,選取最優(yōu)的輸電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃方案；電動汽車充電負(fù)荷具有時間、空間、行為的隨機(jī)性,考慮到隨機(jī)充電對配電系統(tǒng)的影響,配電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃需要與充電站的選址和定容一起協(xié)調(diào)進(jìn)行,并且在充電站的初步選址時對多方面影響予以考慮。由此,在含風(fēng)電和電動汽車的電力系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃中,選取合適的方法和流程不僅能降低其不確定性對系統(tǒng)的影響,提高運(yùn)行的安全可靠性,還將降低投資成本,從而達(dá)到整體最優(yōu)的目的。 在此背景下,本文獲得了以下研究成果： 1)風(fēng)能發(fā)電獲得蓬勃發(fā)展,但缺乏相應(yīng)的外送通道,導(dǎo)致風(fēng)電消納不足,部分地區(qū)棄風(fēng)嚴(yán)重。而相比于風(fēng)電的電源建設(shè),輸電系統(tǒng)建設(shè)需要更復(fù)雜的審批和更長的建設(shè)周期。考慮到風(fēng)電接入對電力系統(tǒng)的不確定性影響,在多個候選方案中選取綜合最優(yōu)的規(guī)劃方案,是協(xié)調(diào)該問題的有效手段。因此有必要進(jìn)行含風(fēng)電的輸電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃方案優(yōu)選。 2)針對風(fēng)電場選址和規(guī)模已經(jīng)確定的情況下,本文就如何對相關(guān)的輸電系統(tǒng)候選規(guī)劃方案進(jìn)行綜合優(yōu)選開展了系統(tǒng)的研究。輸電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃方案優(yōu)選是一個包含不確定性因素的多目標(biāo)決策問題。為實(shí)現(xiàn)對規(guī)劃方案的全面評估,在選取評價指標(biāo)時,除了考慮輸電系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性與安全性以及規(guī)劃建設(shè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性之外,還考慮了為接納風(fēng)電所需要的備用成本以及其能夠帶來的環(huán)保與低碳方面的效益。采用能夠描述專家偏好的區(qū)間熵法對容納風(fēng)力發(fā)電的輸電系統(tǒng)候選規(guī)劃方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)選,以綜合考慮主觀和客觀因素;此外,還利用了區(qū)間數(shù)來適當(dāng)描述風(fēng)電出力的不確定性。最后,以46節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)為例說明了所發(fā)展的優(yōu)選方法的基本特征。 3)充電站的合理規(guī)劃有利于電動汽車順利進(jìn)行能源補(bǔ)給,從而提高充電站的運(yùn)營效益和用戶的充電便捷性。在初步選取充電站的候選站址時,應(yīng)綜合考慮多種影響因素。本文給出初步選取充電站候選站址的原則和初步選取候選站址的流程；在對充電需求進(jìn)行分析時,多角度總結(jié)了充電需求總量、分布的計算方法,并從交通規(guī)劃、城市規(guī)劃、充電需求三個角度給出層次分析評價方法的步驟。最后,分析了電動汽車接入給配電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃中的負(fù)荷預(yù)測、變電站規(guī)劃及網(wǎng)架規(guī)劃帶來的影響,指出配電系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與電動汽車充電站進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)的必要性。 4)本文對電動汽車充電站與配電系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)規(guī)劃方法進(jìn)行了研究和驗(yàn)證。構(gòu)造了以規(guī)劃期內(nèi)電動汽車充電站投資及維修成本、線路擴(kuò)容投資及維修成本、規(guī)劃期內(nèi)變電站投資及維修費(fèi)用,以及系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗之和為最小的目標(biāo)函數(shù)模型,并在約束條件中考慮了用戶充電便捷性及線路充裕度要求。采用染色體分段編碼、精英保留策略的遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解。最后,通過IEEE123節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)對提出的方法做了驗(yàn)證,證明所提出的方法可以得到合理協(xié)調(diào)充電站和配電系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展規(guī)劃的方案。 最后對全文研究工作進(jìn)行了簡要總結(jié),指出有待進(jìn)一步研究的問題。
[Abstract]:Under the pressure of energy crisis and environmental protection, the development of power system planning will face new problems. On the generation side, in order to achieve the established energy-saving and emission reduction goals, China has introduced a series of policies to encourage the development of renewable energy wind power; on the load side, with the large consumption of oil, the continuous improvement of electric vehicle technology, electric vehicle operation. As a pioneer of low-carbon transportation, wind power generation is becoming more and more popular. Whether wind power or electric vehicles, once connected to the power grid, they will have a lot of uncertainties on the operation of the power system. In view of the influence of random charging on the distribution system, the distribution system planning needs to be coordinated with the location and size of the charging station, and there are many aspects in the initial location of the charging station. Therefore, in the power system planning of wind power and electric vehicles, choosing appropriate methods and processes can not only reduce the impact of uncertainty on the system, improve the safety and reliability of operation, but also reduce the cost of investment, so as to achieve the overall optimal purpose.
Under this background, the following research results are obtained.
1) Wind power generation has developed vigorously, but the lack of corresponding outbound channels has led to inadequate wind power consumption and serious wind abandonment in some areas. Selecting the optimal comprehensive planning scheme is an effective means to coordinate the problem, so it is necessary to optimize the transmission system planning scheme with wind power.
2) In view of the fact that the location and scale of the wind farm have been determined, this paper makes a systematic study on how to make a comprehensive optimization of the relevant transmission system candidate planning schemes. In addition to the reliability and safety of the transmission system and the economy of planning and construction, the reserve cost required to accept wind power and the environmental and low-carbon benefits it can bring are also considered. In addition, the interval number is used to appropriately describe the uncertainty of wind power output. Finally, a 46-node system is taken as an example to illustrate the basic characteristics of the proposed optimization method.
3) Reasonable planning of charging station is beneficial to the smooth energy supply of EV, so as to improve the operation benefit of charging station and the convenience of charging users. When selecting the candidate site of charging station, many factors should be considered comprehensively. In the analysis of charging demand, the calculation method of total charging demand and distribution is summarized from various angles, and the steps of AHP evaluation method are given from three aspects of transportation planning, urban planning and charging demand. Finally, the load forecasting, substation planning and grid rules in the planning of electric vehicle access to distribution system are analyzed. This paper points out the necessity of coordination between distribution system planning and electric vehicle charging station.
4) This paper studies and verifies the coordinated planning method of electric vehicle charging station and distribution system. The objective function model is constructed to minimize the investment and maintenance cost of electric vehicle charging station, line expansion investment and maintenance cost, substation investment and maintenance cost during the planning period, and the sum of system network loss. Finally, the proposed method is validated by IEEE 123 node system data, which proves that the proposed method can reasonably coordinate the expansion of charging station and distribution system. Planning scheme.
Finally, the paper summarizes the research work in detail and points out the problems to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614;U469.72

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳勇,孫逢春;電動汽車?yán)m(xù)駛里程及其影響因素的研究[J];北京理工大學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年05期

2 高賜威;何葉;;考慮風(fēng)力發(fā)電接入的電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃[J];電力科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)報;2009年04期

3 周洪超;李海鋒;;基于博弈論的電動汽車充電站選址優(yōu)化模型研究[J];科技和產(chǎn)業(yè);2011年02期

4 尤天慧,樊治平,俞竹超;不確定性多屬性決策中確定屬性熵權(quán)的一種方法[J];東北大學(xué)學(xué)報;2004年06期

5 康繼光;衛(wèi)振林;程丹明;徐凡;;電動汽車充電模式與充電站建設(shè)研究[J];電力需求側(cè)管理;2009年05期

6 于晗;鐘志勇;黃杰波;張建華;;考慮負(fù)荷和風(fēng)電出力不確定性的輸電系統(tǒng)機(jī)會約束規(guī)劃[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動化;2009年02期

7 陳啟鑫;周天睿;康重慶;夏清;;節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度的低碳化效益評估模型及其應(yīng)用[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動化;2009年16期

8 王守相;王慧;蔡聲霞;;分布式發(fā)電優(yōu)化配置研究綜述[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動化;2009年18期

9 王守相;徐群;張高磊;于立濤;;風(fēng)電場風(fēng)速不確定性建模及區(qū)間潮流分析[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動化;2009年21期

10 羅卓偉;胡澤春;宋永華;楊霞;占愷嶠;吳俊陽;;電動汽車充電負(fù)荷計算方法[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動化;2011年14期

，

本文編號：2178473