【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,隨著電力電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展。三相交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、體積和重量較小、價(jià)格低廉、運(yùn)行可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)已經(jīng)在許多領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,并發(fā)揮著重要作用。異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)過(guò)程會(huì)直接影響電網(wǎng),給其他電力設(shè)備帶來(lái)危害。電動(dòng)機(jī)在啟動(dòng)時(shí)的啟動(dòng)電流可以達(dá)到額定電流的4~8倍或者更高,過(guò)大的啟動(dòng)電流還會(huì)影響到并聯(lián)的其他用電設(shè)備,對(duì)電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行構(gòu)成威脅。因此,研究新型的軟啟動(dòng)器降低電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)時(shí)的啟動(dòng)電流、增大啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩,減少對(duì)電網(wǎng)的影響具有重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和社會(huì)意義。本課題主要研究如何利用電壓空間矢量原理來(lái)提高異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的啟動(dòng)性能和啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩,并研究設(shè)計(jì)了基于電壓空間矢量軟啟動(dòng)器的軟硬件控制系統(tǒng)。本論文的主要內(nèi)容有:(1)分析異步電機(jī)軟啟動(dòng)器的原理。分析交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩與定子電壓、電源頻率之間的關(guān)系,并對(duì)目前常用的軟啟動(dòng)方式逐一分析其工作原理、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等。(2)設(shè)計(jì)一種以全控型器件IGBT為功率器件的軟啟動(dòng)主電路原理結(jié)構(gòu)。詳細(xì)分析了異步電機(jī)的特性,提出采用電壓空間矢量的控制方式提高啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。通過(guò)控制開關(guān)器件的導(dǎo)通時(shí)刻實(shí)現(xiàn)電壓頻率的改變,在MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平臺(tái)中,建立異步電機(jī)電壓空間矢量軟啟動(dòng)控制模型,對(duì)其整個(gè)矢量控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真分析,得到仿真結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證這種設(shè)計(jì)的可行性。(3)提出一種十二邊形電壓空間矢量控制策略的新型軟啟動(dòng)器,進(jìn)行該新型軟啟動(dòng)器的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。該新型軟啟動(dòng)器采用了十二邊形電壓空間矢量控制算法,在調(diào)節(jié)電源電壓的同時(shí),也調(diào)節(jié)了電源的頻率,并使電壓/頻率(U/f)比值相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,保證電機(jī)主磁通穩(wěn)定,在獲得較大啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩的同時(shí),啟動(dòng)電流又不致過(guò)大�？梢詥�(dòng)帶有一定負(fù)載或較大慣性負(fù)載的電動(dòng)機(jī),而電流保持在相對(duì)較小的值,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)交流電動(dòng)機(jī)小電流、高轉(zhuǎn)矩啟動(dòng)。(4)設(shè)計(jì)十二邊形電壓空間矢量軟啟動(dòng)器的硬件電路。主要包括主控制芯片STM32電路、通訊電路、電流檢測(cè)電路、CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device)電路、電壓檢測(cè)電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、電源電路等。該設(shè)計(jì)中CPU(STM32)主要完成算法運(yùn)算和運(yùn)行的監(jiān)控,CPLD主要是結(jié)合STM32產(chǎn)生軟啟動(dòng)觸發(fā)脈沖控制信號(hào)以及擴(kuò)展STM32的邏輯功能,使兩者的優(yōu)良性能得到充分發(fā)揮。這種方式使CPLD的資源得到了很好的使用,得到了質(zhì)量較高的控制觸發(fā)脈沖,進(jìn)而滿足系統(tǒng)的大功率、高可靠性的控制要求。同時(shí)該控制系統(tǒng)還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)軟停車和系統(tǒng)保護(hù)等。本文中整體控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是在電壓空間矢量的方式下完成的,對(duì)六邊形及十二邊形電壓空間矢量控制下的軟啟動(dòng)器建立了仿真模型進(jìn)行仿真,并對(duì)六邊形電壓空間矢量控制方案下系統(tǒng)的實(shí)物進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試,給出了相應(yīng)的結(jié)果及對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果顯示基于電壓空間矢量的新型軟啟動(dòng)器帶載能力強(qiáng),具有啟動(dòng)電流小、啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。文章最后分析了該系統(tǒng)的不足,并提出了改進(jìn)方案。
[Abstract]:In the process of modern industry development, with the continuous development of power electronics, microelectronic technology and control technology, three phase AC asynchronous motor has been widely used in many fields with its advantages of simple structure, small volume and weight, low price, reliable operation and so on. It plays an important role. Induction motor starts to start. The process will directly affect the power grid and bring harm to other power equipment. The starting current of the motor can reach 4~8 times or higher of the rated current. The excessive starting current also affects the other parallel electrical equipment, which threatens the safe operation of the power grid. Therefore, the new soft starter is studied to reduce the starting of the motor. The starting current, increasing the starting torque and reducing the influence on the power grid are of great economic and social significance. This topic mainly studies how to use the principle of voltage space vector to improve the starting performance and starting torque of asynchronous motor, and research and design a soft and hardware control system based on the voltage space vector soft starter. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) analyze the principle of asynchronous motor soft starter, analyze the relationship between electromagnetic torque of AC asynchronous motor and stator voltage and power frequency, and analyze its working principle, advantages and disadvantages one by one. (2) a soft starting power with full control device IGBT as power device is designed. The characteristics of the asynchronous motor are analyzed in detail, and the voltage space vector control mode is proposed to improve the starting torque. By controlling the switching time of the switch device, the voltage frequency is changed. In the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform, the voltage space vector soft start control model of the induction motor is set up, and the whole vector control of the induction motor is set up. The system is simulated and analyzed, and the simulation results are obtained to verify the feasibility of this design. (3) a new type of soft starter with twelve edge voltage space vector control strategy is proposed. The new soft starter is designed for the new soft starter. The new type of soft starter adopts the twelve edge electric voltage space vector control algorithm to adjust the voltage of the power supply. At the same time, the frequency of the power supply is adjusted, and the voltage / frequency (U/f) ratio is relatively stable, and the main flux of the motor is stable. At the same time, the starting current is not too large. The motor can start with a certain load or large inertia load, and the current is kept in a relatively small value, thus the AC motor is realized. Small current, high torque start. (4) design the hardware circuit of the twelve side voltage space vector soft starter. It mainly includes the main control chip STM32 circuit, the communication circuit, the current detection circuit, the CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) circuit, the voltage detection circuit, the driving circuit, the power circuit and so on. The main completion algorithm of CPU (STM32) in this design is the design of the CPU (STM32). The operation and operation monitoring, CPLD mainly combines the STM32 to produce the soft start trigger pulse control signal and the logic function of expanding the STM32, so that the excellent performance of both of the two is fully played. This way makes the resources of the CPLD well used, and gets the high quality control trigger pulse, and then satisfies the high power and high power of the system. The control system can also realize soft parking and system protection. In this paper, the realization of the whole control system is accomplished under the mode of voltage space vector. The simulation model is built for the soft starter under the control of hexagon and twelve sided voltage space vector, and the hexagon voltage space is also simulated. The performance test of the system under the vector control scheme is carried out, and the corresponding results and comparative analysis are given. The results show that the new soft starter based on voltage space vector has the advantages of strong carrying capacity, small starting current and large starting torque. Finally, the shortage of the system is analyzed, and the improvement scheme is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM343

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