【摘要】：風(fēng)能作為一種蘊(yùn)藏豐富的清潔可再生能源,是解決當(dāng)前能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境惡化問(wèn)題的一種有效途徑,風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)越來(lái)越受到世界各國(guó)的重視。風(fēng)能具有很強(qiáng)的隨機(jī)波動(dòng)性,風(fēng)電直接并網(wǎng)會(huì)對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行造成不良影響,甚至引發(fā)電網(wǎng)崩潰問(wèn)題。隨著大規(guī)模儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)的日益成熟,在風(fēng)電場(chǎng)裝設(shè)一定容量的儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)是解決風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)波動(dòng)問(wèn)題的有效手段。單一類(lèi)型的儲(chǔ)能方式難以兼具大功率密度和高能量密度的優(yōu)點(diǎn),蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器組成的混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng),能取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,發(fā)揮兩者各自的優(yōu)勢(shì),對(duì)風(fēng)電功率波動(dòng)的平抑效果較為理想。混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)模型結(jié)構(gòu)的搭建、蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器容量配置以及協(xié)調(diào)控制策略的研究,具有重要的意義。首先,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了鉛酸蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器各自?xún)?chǔ)能原理及儲(chǔ)能特性。在比較已有的各種等效模型的基礎(chǔ)上,本文鉛酸蓄電池選用PNGV等效電路模型,超級(jí)電容器選擇經(jīng)典等效電路模型。在Matlab中搭建了蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器的單體仿真模型,仿真結(jié)果證明了模型的有效性。然后,提出一種蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器的容量配置方法。取某風(fēng)電場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)風(fēng)電功率數(shù)據(jù)為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)傅里葉變換對(duì)其進(jìn)行頻譜分析,得到風(fēng)電波動(dòng)頻率分布情況,作為混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)波動(dòng)功率分配的依據(jù)。綜合考慮風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)波動(dòng)要求和儲(chǔ)能容量配置經(jīng)濟(jì)性問(wèn)題,得到對(duì)風(fēng)電功率數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行小波包分解的最佳層,并提出一種基于熵權(quán)法的小波函數(shù)優(yōu)化選擇方法。選擇3組具有典型代表性的風(fēng)電功率數(shù)據(jù),用最優(yōu)小波函數(shù)經(jīng)小波包分解到最佳層,得到并網(wǎng)期望功率和各頻率不同的波動(dòng)分量。根據(jù)蓄電池能量密度大和超級(jí)電容器功率密度高的特點(diǎn),將波動(dòng)分量分為低頻波動(dòng)部分和高頻波動(dòng)部分,分別作為兩種儲(chǔ)能元件的平抑目標(biāo),并以此為基礎(chǔ)經(jīng)過(guò)分析計(jì)算,得到蓄電池和超級(jí)電容器的容量配置結(jié)果。最后,提出一種基于SOC優(yōu)化的混合儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)控制方法。根據(jù)SOC的大小將儲(chǔ)能元件的工作區(qū)域劃分為五個(gè)部分,再結(jié)合儲(chǔ)能元件的實(shí)時(shí)充放電狀態(tài),把儲(chǔ)能元件的工作狀態(tài)分為正常工作狀態(tài)和非正常工作狀態(tài)。分析兩種儲(chǔ)能元件相互配合可能出現(xiàn)的所有非正常工作狀態(tài),通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)SOC的大小,對(duì)非正常工作狀態(tài)下儲(chǔ)能元件的充放電參考功率進(jìn)行重新分配,以保證SOC處于正常范圍內(nèi)。該控制方法能在保證平抑效果的同時(shí)盡可能延長(zhǎng)儲(chǔ)能元件的壽命。
[Abstract]:Wind energy, as a kind of abundant clean and renewable energy, is an effective way to solve the problem of energy crisis and environmental deterioration. Wind power generation technology has been paid more and more attention by the countries all over the world. Wind energy has a strong random volatility. Direct grid connection of wind power will have a negative impact on the safe and stable operation of power system, and even lead to the power network collapse. With the development of large-scale energy storage technology, the installation of a certain capacity energy storage system in wind farms is an effective means to solve the problem of wind power grid fluctuation. It is difficult for a single type of energy storage mode to have the advantages of high power density and high energy density. The hybrid energy storage system composed of batteries and supercapacitors can complement each other and give play to their respective advantages. The control effect of wind power fluctuation is ideal. The construction of hybrid energy storage system model, the capacity configuration of storage battery and supercapacitor and the study of coordinated control strategy are of great significance. Firstly, the energy storage principle and characteristics of lead acid battery and super capacitor are briefly introduced. On the basis of comparing the existing equivalent models, the PNGV equivalent circuit model and the classical equivalent circuit model for lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors are selected in this paper. The simulation model of battery and supercapacitor is built in Matlab, and the simulation results show the validity of the model. Then, a capacity configuration method for storage battery and supercapacitor is proposed. Taking the wind power data of a wind farm as the research object, the frequency distribution of wind power fluctuation is obtained according to Fourier transform, which can be used as the basis for the distribution of fluctuating power in hybrid energy storage system. Considering the requirements of wind power grid fluctuation and energy storage capacity allocation, the optimal layer of wind power data decomposition based on wavelet packet is obtained, and a wavelet function optimization selection method based on entropy weight method is proposed. Three groups of typical wind power data are selected. The optimal wavelet function is decomposed into the optimal layer by wavelet packet, and the fluctuation components of the desired power and frequency are obtained. According to the characteristics of high energy density of battery and high power density of supercapacitor, the fluctuating component is divided into low frequency fluctuating part and high frequency fluctuating part. The results of capacity configuration of batteries and supercapacitors are obtained. Finally, a coordinated control method for hybrid energy storage system based on SOC optimization is proposed. According to the size of SOC, the working area of energy storage element is divided into five parts. Combining with the real time charging and discharging state of energy storage element, the working state of energy storage element is divided into normal working state and abnormal working state. All abnormal working states of the two energy storage elements are analyzed. By detecting the size of SOC in real time, the charge and discharge reference power of the energy storage element under abnormal working condition is reallocated. To ensure that the SOC is within normal range. The control method can prolong the life of energy storage element as long as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM614

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