【摘要】：隨著日益加劇的環(huán)境污染和能源短缺問題，風(fēng)能作為最有發(fā)展空間的可再生潔凈能源之一，近年來在全球范圍內(nèi)得到廣泛開發(fā)，從而帶動(dòng)了風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展與不斷創(chuàng)新。在風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組中，基于鼠籠感應(yīng)發(fā)電機(jī)的全功率型變流器風(fēng)電機(jī)組以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、可靠性高、維護(hù)成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)得到廣泛應(yīng)用，尤其在海上風(fēng)電領(lǐng)域已成為普遍采用的一類機(jī)型。針對(duì)鼠籠感應(yīng)電機(jī)風(fēng)電機(jī)組全功率變流器，傳統(tǒng)控制策略存在穩(wěn)定性、控制性能、效率與可靠性方面的明顯不足。因此，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化全功率變流器性能，提高機(jī)組控制性能、效率與可靠性具有重要意義。本文分別從以下幾個(gè)方面討論該類型機(jī)組的控制與優(yōu)化問題。 1．對(duì)于采用LCL濾波器的網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器，為改善控制系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性能并提高控制器應(yīng)對(duì)參數(shù)變動(dòng)以及外部擾動(dòng)的魯棒性，提出了一種基于滑模技術(shù)的網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案。文章通過建立網(wǎng)側(cè)電流多階誤差方程，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了電流滑�？刂破鳎徊⑻岢鲇肞I調(diào)節(jié)器直流母線電壓外環(huán)與滑模電流內(nèi)環(huán)的級(jí)聯(lián)式控制結(jié)構(gòu)，由此設(shè)計(jì)了采用LCL濾波器的網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器控制系統(tǒng)。仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了滑�？刂破髂苓_(dá)到控制要求并具有很好的魯棒性。 2．對(duì)于機(jī)側(cè)變流器，為提高控制性能、增加可靠性并降低硬件成本，對(duì)感應(yīng)發(fā)電機(jī)無速度傳感器的觀測(cè)技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究，提出一種基于離散輸入的閉環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈觀測(cè)器的設(shè)計(jì)方案，給出一組用線性矩陣不等式描述的約束條件以保證觀測(cè)誤差漸近穩(wěn)定；基于模型參考自適應(yīng)方法研究發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速估計(jì)的工程實(shí)現(xiàn)方案。詳細(xì)探討了觀測(cè)器設(shè)計(jì)中直流偏置的抑制方法。仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了磁鏈觀測(cè)器設(shè)計(jì)以及無速度傳感器控制實(shí)現(xiàn)方案的有效性。 3．為提高直流母線電壓動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度，減少母線電容容量，研究了直流母線電壓波動(dòng)抑制的優(yōu)化控制方案。建立了機(jī)組整體歐拉-拉格朗日模型，以無源性控制理論為基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計(jì)了機(jī)側(cè)、網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器聯(lián)合控制器，并通過對(duì)系統(tǒng)平衡點(diǎn)的優(yōu)化配置改善系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)性能。針對(duì)實(shí)際應(yīng)用中由于模型參數(shù)不確定導(dǎo)致無源性控制性能下降的問題，，提出具有L2增益抑制的無源性控制器參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法。分析機(jī)組快速性能的約束條件，提出采用功率斜率控制方法進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了所提出控制方法的有效性。 4．為提高機(jī)組發(fā)電效率、降低系統(tǒng)損耗，提出一種基于系統(tǒng)損耗模型的節(jié)能優(yōu)化控制方案。同時(shí)考慮含鐵芯損耗的感應(yīng)發(fā)電機(jī)損耗模型以及功率變流器的損耗模型，在不同風(fēng)速下，建立發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)矩與轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈的最優(yōu)工作點(diǎn)，將其應(yīng)用到機(jī)側(cè)變流器的矢量控制中；并對(duì)不同風(fēng)速時(shí)機(jī)組采用節(jié)能算法下的損耗情況與優(yōu)化效果進(jìn)行了分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了理論方法正確性。 5．為抑制機(jī)組穩(wěn)態(tài)工況下功率的低頻波動(dòng)以及提高故障工況下機(jī)組的低電壓穿越能力，提出采用超級(jí)電容儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)來改進(jìn)機(jī)組并網(wǎng)性能，給出了超級(jí)電容儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，并提出系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下抑制功率低頻波動(dòng)的協(xié)調(diào)控制方案以及電網(wǎng)故障情況下低電壓穿越的協(xié)調(diào)控制方案。對(duì)協(xié)調(diào)控制中各變流器環(huán)節(jié)的控制算法以及切換過程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)描述。仿真驗(yàn)證了參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方案以及系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)控制方案的正確性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing environmental pollution and energy shortage, wind energy, as one of the most developed renewable clean energy sources, has been widely developed in the world in recent years, which has led to the rapid development and continuous innovation of wind power generation technology. In wind turbines, the full power variable flow based on the squirrel induction generator The wind turbine has been widely used for its advantages of simple structure, high reliability and low maintenance cost, especially in the field of offshore wind power. In view of the full power converter of the squirrel cage induction motor wind turbine, the traditional control strategy has the obvious deficiencies in the aspects of stability, control performance, efficiency and reliability. Therefore, it is of great significance to further optimize the performance of the full power converter, improve the control performance of the unit, and the efficiency and reliability. This paper discusses the control and optimization of this type of unit from the following aspects.
1. for the network side converter using LCL filter, in order to improve the stability of the control system and improve the robustness of the controller's response to the change of parameters and the external disturbance, a design scheme of the control system of the grid side converter based on sliding mode technology is proposed. The sliding mode controller is used to control the cascade control structure of the DC bus voltage outer loop and the sliding mode current inner loop of the PI regulator, and the control system of the grid side converter using the LCL filter is designed. The simulation and experimental results show that the sliding mode controller can achieve the control requirements and have good robustness.
2. for the side converter, in order to improve the control performance, increase the reliability and reduce the cost of hardware, the observation technology of the induction generator without speed sensor is studied. A design scheme of the closed loop rotor flux observer based on discrete input is proposed. A set of constraints described by linear matrix inequalities is given to ensure the observation. The error is asymptotically stable; based on the model reference adaptive method, the engineering implementation of the generator speed estimation is studied. The suppression method of the DC bias in the observer design is discussed in detail. The simulation and experimental results verify the design of the flux observer and the effectiveness of the implementation of the speed sensorless control scheme.
3. in order to improve the dynamic response speed of DC bus voltage and reduce the capacity of busbar capacitance, the optimal control scheme of DC bus voltage fluctuation suppression is studied. The overall Euler Lagrange model of the unit is established. Based on the theory of passivity control, the joint controller of the machine side and the network side converter is designed, and the optimization of the balance point of the system is achieved. In order to improve the dynamic performance of the system, the passive controller parameter design method with L2 gain suppression is proposed to reduce the passive control performance due to the uncertainty of the model parameters in practical applications. The constraint conditions of the fast performance of the unit are analyzed, and the power slope control method is proposed to further optimize the dynamics of the system. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
4. in order to improve the generating efficiency and reduce the loss of the system, an energy-saving optimization control scheme based on the loss model of the system is proposed. At the same time, the loss model of induction generator with iron core loss and the loss model of the power converter are considered. The optimal working point of the generator speed, torque and rotor flux is established under different wind speeds. This paper uses the vector control of the side converter, and analyzes the loss situation and the optimization effect of the energy saving algorithm with different wind speeds. The experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical method.
5. in order to restrain the low frequency fluctuation of power in the steady state of the unit and improve the low voltage crossing ability of the unit under the fault condition, the super capacitor energy storage system is proposed to improve the performance of the unit grid connection. The design scheme of the parameters of the super capacitor energy storage system is given, and the coordination control of the low frequency fluctuation of power under the condition of the system stability is put forward. The scheme of the system and the coordinated control scheme of low voltage crossing under the condition of power grid fault. The control algorithm and the switching process of each converter link in the coordinated control are described in detail. The simulation verifies the correctness of the parameter design scheme and the system coordination control scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315;TM46

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