【摘要】：為了滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的電力負(fù)荷需求,必須充分利用各地豐富的清潔和可再生能源,大力發(fā)展分布式發(fā)電技術(shù),微電網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn),解決了現(xiàn)有的能源缺口和環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。微網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度因其帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益而倍受關(guān)注,而分布式發(fā)電具有間歇性、復(fù)雜性、多樣性、不穩(wěn)定性和波動(dòng)性的特點(diǎn),給微電網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、可靠、環(huán)保運(yùn)行帶來(lái)了新的問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)。微電網(wǎng)中的分布式電源受客觀天氣條件、原料價(jià)格等因素的影響具有一定波動(dòng)性,各自的發(fā)電特性以及發(fā)電成本均不同,有的還包括“冷熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)”系統(tǒng),因此如何優(yōu)化調(diào)度各種分布式發(fā)電以保證微網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行,多個(gè)分布式電源并聯(lián)運(yùn)行時(shí)如何抑制環(huán)流、合理進(jìn)行功率分配,這些都增加了微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度問(wèn)題的復(fù)雜性。本文在分析了微電源的穩(wěn)態(tài)模型及調(diào)度特性基礎(chǔ)上,建立了包含風(fēng)力發(fā)電、大陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電、微型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、燃料電池和蓄電池儲(chǔ)能單元的微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng),提出了以發(fā)電成本最低、污染物排放最小并計(jì)及切負(fù)荷費(fèi)用、制冷、供熱收益和可再生能源補(bǔ)貼為目標(biāo)函數(shù),考慮相應(yīng)的約束條件,建立冷熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)型的微電網(wǎng)環(huán)保經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度模型;結(jié)合協(xié)同進(jìn)化遺傳算法建立分階段目標(biāo)函數(shù),將蓄電池虛擬放電和充電價(jià)格計(jì)入群體尋優(yōu)目標(biāo)函數(shù),用于從群體中尋找最優(yōu)個(gè)體,然后應(yīng)用精英尋優(yōu)目標(biāo)函數(shù)從精英群中尋求微電源出力調(diào)度最優(yōu)解;給出了并網(wǎng)和孤網(wǎng)運(yùn)行方式下的調(diào)度策略,通過(guò)算例分析驗(yàn)證了調(diào)度模型、策略和算法的有效性;最后研究了基于N-1安全性約束的微電網(wǎng)平滑切換時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度,并給出了切換前后的優(yōu)化結(jié)果對(duì)比。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasing demand of electric power load, it is necessary to make full use of the abundant clean and renewable energy sources, to develop distributed generation technology and to solve the problems of energy gap and environmental pollution. Microgrid economic dispatch has attracted much attention because of its economic benefits, while distributed power generation has the characteristics of intermittence, complexity, diversity, instability and volatility, which makes microgrid economical and reliable. Environmental protection operation brings new problems and challenges. The distributed power generation in microgrid is affected by objective weather conditions, raw material price and other factors. Their generation characteristics and generation cost are different, some of them include "cogeneration of cold, heat and electricity" system. Therefore, how to optimize and dispatch all kinds of distributed generation to ensure the economic operation of microgrid, and how to restrain circulation and distribute power reasonably in parallel operation of multiple distributed power sources, all these increase the complexity of economic scheduling problem of microgrid. On the basis of analyzing the steady-state model and dispatching characteristics of micro-power supply, a micro-grid system including wind power generation, solar photovoltaic power generation, micro-gas turbine, fuel cell and battery energy storage unit is established in this paper. Taking the lowest cost of power generation, the minimum emission of pollutants and the cost of load cutting, refrigeration, heating revenue and renewable energy subsidy as objective functions, the corresponding constraints are considered. Based on the co-evolution genetic algorithm, the multi-stage objective function is established, and the virtual discharge and charging price of battery are counted into the group optimization objective function. It is used to find the optimal individual from the group, and then apply the elitist optimization objective function to seek the optimal solution of the micro-power generation scheduling from the elite group, and give the scheduling strategy under the operation mode of grid-connected and isolated network, and verify the scheduling model by the example analysis. Finally, the economic scheduling of smooth handoff in microgrid based on N-1 security constraints is studied, and the optimization results before and after switching are compared.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM73

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