【摘要】：永磁同步電機(jī)控制簡單,效率高,在軌道交通中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。針對永磁同步電機(jī)弱磁擴(kuò)速的特殊性,本文分析了負(fù)直軸電流補(bǔ)償弱磁控制方法,利用電機(jī)電壓合成矢量與直流側(cè)能夠提供的最大電壓矢量幅值之差,通過PI控制器閉環(huán)校正直軸電流指令來實(shí)現(xiàn)弱磁。同時(shí)大功率牽引傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中要求開關(guān)頻率較低,加劇了永磁同步電機(jī)矢量控制的電流耦合問題,而較長的開關(guān)周期也使數(shù)字控制固有的延時(shí)問題更加突出,影響了電機(jī)的控制性能。 本文從復(fù)矢量域建立永磁同步電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型,推導(dǎo)出系統(tǒng)傳遞函數(shù),從理論上分析了電流耦合問題。對雙PI調(diào)節(jié)器解耦方法進(jìn)行了深入分析,研究了其改進(jìn)形式,并通過傳遞函數(shù)畫出系統(tǒng)閉環(huán)零極點(diǎn)分布圖和伯德圖對幾種解耦控制優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行了對比討論。相比較前饋解耦和反饋解耦,改進(jìn)型雙PI解耦控制對電機(jī)參數(shù)具有更好的魯棒性,解耦效果更好。 本文分析了數(shù)字控制原理及延時(shí)產(chǎn)生基理,研究了角度補(bǔ)償和q軸電流誤差補(bǔ)償兩種延時(shí)補(bǔ)償方法。兩者均可改善低開關(guān)頻率下的控制性能,后者動(dòng)態(tài)性能更好。在加入延時(shí)補(bǔ)償條件下,對低開關(guān)頻率下幾種解耦控制方法的解耦效果做了分析對比。研究分析了在低開關(guān)頻率下適合永磁同步電機(jī)的解耦控制與延時(shí)補(bǔ)償相結(jié)合的控制優(yōu)化方法。 本文在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了永磁同步電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)仿真模型,并搭建了基于DSP28335的7.5kW永磁同步電機(jī)牽引傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺。分別在仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)中對弱磁控制、解耦控制方法和延時(shí)補(bǔ)償方法進(jìn)行了分析,驗(yàn)證了控制優(yōu)化方法的準(zhǔn)確性和可行性。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in rail transit because of its simple control and high efficiency. Aiming at the particularity of weak magnetic expansion of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), this paper analyzes the negative direct axis current compensation weak magnetic field control method. The difference between the motor voltage synthesis vector and the maximum voltage vector amplitude which can be provided by DC side is used. The weak magnetic field is realized by Pi controller closed loop correction of straight axis current instruction. At the same time, the low switching frequency is required in the high-power traction drive system, which exacerbates the current coupling problem of the vector control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the long switching period also makes the inherent delay problem of digital control more prominent. The control performance of the motor is affected. In this paper, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is established in complex vector domain, the system transfer function is derived, and the current coupling problem is analyzed theoretically. In this paper, the decoupling method of double Pi regulator is deeply analyzed, and its improved form is studied. Several decoupling control optimization methods are compared and discussed by drawing the closed loop zero and pole distribution diagram of the system with transfer function and Byrd diagram. Compared with feedforward decoupling and feedback decoupling, the improved dual Pi decoupling control has better robustness and better decoupling effect on motor parameters. In this paper, the principle of digital control and the principle of delay generation are analyzed, and two delay compensation methods, angle compensation and Q axis current error compensation, are studied. Both can improve the control performance at low switching frequency, and the latter has better dynamic performance. Under the condition of adding delay compensation, the decoupling effect of several decoupling control methods at low switching frequency is analyzed and compared. The optimization method of decoupling control and delay compensation for PMSM with low switching frequency is studied and analyzed. In this paper, the simulation model of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system is built in MATLAB/Simulink, and the experimental platform of 7.5kW permanent magnet synchronous motor traction drive system based on DSP28335 is built. In the simulation and experiment, the weak magnetic control, decoupling control and delay compensation are analyzed, and the accuracy and feasibility of the control optimization method are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM341

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