【摘要】：同步電機(jī)是一種常用的交流電機(jī)，既可以用作發(fā)電機(jī)，也可用作電動(dòng)機(jī)或補(bǔ)償機(jī)。同步電機(jī)拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)具有容量大、效率高、體積小、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量小、功率因數(shù)可調(diào)、過(guò)載能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在要求位置、速度、加速度等多變量調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)境中有著廣泛應(yīng)用。 常規(guī)的電勵(lì)磁同步電機(jī)定子有三相對(duì)稱繞組，轉(zhuǎn)子中有勵(lì)磁繞組和阻尼繞組。本文提出了一種新型無(wú)刷電勵(lì)磁同步電機(jī)，該無(wú)刷同步電機(jī)在結(jié)構(gòu)上取消了傳統(tǒng)的同步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)的電刷和滑環(huán)，不需要單獨(dú)的勵(lì)磁機(jī)，簡(jiǎn)化了電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)，易于維護(hù)，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)刷調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁。 文中詳細(xì)分析了新型無(wú)刷電勵(lì)磁同步電機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理。在定子鐵芯的內(nèi)圓周靠中間位置開(kāi)有一定深度的槽，在槽中放入一定匝數(shù)的繞圈構(gòu)成單相勵(lì)磁繞組。在轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯外圓周上與定子上的槽相對(duì)應(yīng)位置也開(kāi)有同樣寬度的槽，，在槽中放入一定匝數(shù)的繞圈構(gòu)成單相感應(yīng)繞組。在定子側(cè)單相勵(lì)磁繞組中通入單相交流電，利用變壓器原理，則在轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)繞組中感應(yīng)出電動(dòng)勢(shì)，感應(yīng)出的單相交流電經(jīng)過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器的整流，輸出直流電，為轉(zhuǎn)子勵(lì)磁繞組提供勵(lì)磁電流。通過(guò)改變定子側(cè)單相勵(lì)磁繞組電壓，可以改變轉(zhuǎn)子的直流勵(lì)磁電流，實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)刷電勵(lì)磁調(diào)節(jié)功能。 文中對(duì)該電機(jī)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的電磁計(jì)算，給出了電機(jī)的具體參數(shù)。詳細(xì)分析了該電機(jī)內(nèi)部的電磁關(guān)系，給出了磁勢(shì)平衡方程和電壓平衡方程，并給出了等效電路圖、相量圖和功率流程圖。從電機(jī)的統(tǒng)一控制理論作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，分析了交流電動(dòng)機(jī)矢量控制原理。根據(jù)理想同步電動(dòng)機(jī)模型,分別給出凸極同步電動(dòng)機(jī)在定子三相靜止坐標(biāo)系下和在-旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系的數(shù)學(xué)模型。利用仿真平臺(tái)搭建了新型無(wú)刷電勵(lì)磁同步電機(jī)的有限元模型，分析了該電機(jī)的磁場(chǎng)分布特點(diǎn)。給出了電機(jī)磁力線和磁密分布圖，并對(duì)電機(jī)在不同負(fù)載條件下的性能進(jìn)行了分析。文中詳細(xì)介紹了新型無(wú)刷電勵(lì)磁同步電機(jī)的參數(shù)，樣機(jī)的研制過(guò)程。搭建了電機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，對(duì)該同步電機(jī)進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)研究其特性。用實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)證明，定子側(cè)勵(lì)磁繞組和轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)感應(yīng)繞組構(gòu)成的平面和功率繞組構(gòu)成的平面相互垂直，磁場(chǎng)的耦合關(guān)系小，分別加電后，在對(duì)方的繞組中感應(yīng)電勢(shì)非常小。從而驗(yàn)證了該電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)新穎，設(shè)計(jì)合理，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)刷調(diào)節(jié)勵(lì)磁。
[Abstract]:Synchronous motor is a commonly used AC motor. It can be used as generator, motor or compensator. Synchronous motor drive system has many advantages, such as large capacity, high efficiency, small volume, small moment of inertia, adjustable power factor, strong overload ability and so on. It is widely used in multivariable adjusting environment such as position, speed, acceleration and so on. The stator of conventional electroexcitation synchronous motor has three-phase symmetrical winding, and the rotor has excitation winding and damping winding. In this paper, a new brushless excitation synchronous motor is proposed. The brushless synchronous motor cancels the traditional brush and slip ring on the rotor side of the synchronous motor in structure, and does not need a single exciter, which simplifies the structure of the motor and is easy to maintain. And can realize brushless regulation excitation. The basic structure and working principle of the new brushless excitation synchronous motor are analyzed in detail. At the middle position of the inner circumference of the stator core there is a slot of a certain depth and the winding coil with a certain number of turns is put into the slot to form a single-phase excitation winding. A slot of the same width is also opened in the outer circle of the rotor core corresponding to the slot on the stator, and a single phase induction winding is formed by placing a certain number of turns in the slot. In the stator side of the single-phase excitation winding, the single-phase alternating current is connected. Using the principle of the transformer, the electromotive force is induced in the rotor inductive winding. The inductive single-phase alternating current is rectified by the rotary rectifier and the direct current is output. Provide excitation current for rotor excitation winding. By changing the voltage of stator side single-phase excitation winding, the DC excitation current of rotor can be changed, and the brushless excitation regulation function can be realized. In this paper, the detailed electromagnetic calculation of the motor is carried out, and the specific parameters of the motor are given. The electromagnetic relation of the motor is analyzed in detail, the magnetic potential balance equation and voltage balance equation are given, and the equivalent circuit diagram, phasor diagram and power flow chart are given. Based on the unified control theory of motor, the vector control principle of AC motor is analyzed. According to the ideal synchronous motor model, the mathematical models of salient synchronous motor in stator three-phase stationary coordinate system and in rotating coordinate system are given respectively. The finite element model of a new brushless excitation synchronous motor is built by using the simulation platform, and the magnetic field distribution characteristics of the motor are analyzed. The magnetic field line and magnetic density distribution diagram of the motor are given, and the performance of the motor under different load conditions is analyzed. In this paper, the parameters of the new brushless excitation synchronous motor and the development process of the prototype are introduced in detail. A motor experimental platform was built, and a series of experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of the synchronous motor. The experimental data show that the plane formed by stator side excitation winding and rotor side induction winding is perpendicular to the plane of power winding and the coupling relation of magnetic field is small. It is proved that the motor is novel in structure, reasonable in design and can realize brushless excitation regulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM341

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