【摘要】：我國幅員遼闊、地形地貌復(fù)雜且微氣候特征繁多，約70%的國土面積處于高海拔地區(qū)，因此在“西電東送、南北互供、全國聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的電力發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略下，輸電線路不可避免地需要穿越覆冰(雪)等極端惡劣的大氣環(huán)境地區(qū)。覆冰后的導(dǎo)線表面由于粗糙程度發(fā)生變化，因此導(dǎo)線表面會(huì)出現(xiàn)局部電暈放電和沉積放電等現(xiàn)象，由起暈電壓下降引起的輸電線路電暈損耗、電磁污染、線路老化等問題愈加受到國內(nèi)外重視。目前各國學(xué)者通過人工氣候室對(duì)導(dǎo)線覆冰進(jìn)行了大量試驗(yàn)研究，但大多數(shù)研究均忽略了運(yùn)行導(dǎo)線發(fā)生帶電覆冰的實(shí)際情況，也未深入研究覆冰對(duì)導(dǎo)線起暈電壓以及電暈放電特性的影響規(guī)律，因此本文開展不同類型覆冰對(duì)輸電線路電暈放電起始特性影響的研究具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)意義和工程價(jià)值。 本文首次結(jié)合紫外成像技術(shù)和曲線擬合法在人工氣候室內(nèi)針對(duì)7種類型(不同直徑、結(jié)構(gòu)和分裂數(shù))導(dǎo)線覆冰前后的起暈電壓值進(jìn)行測量研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：電場強(qiáng)度對(duì)導(dǎo)線表面的覆冰形態(tài)影響極為明顯；覆冰會(huì)對(duì)導(dǎo)線起暈電壓值產(chǎn)生較大影響，覆冰前后導(dǎo)線表面的起暈電壓值相差約為40%~60%左右；覆冰電場強(qiáng)度從0~20kV/cm增加過程中，雨凇和混合凇覆冰導(dǎo)線的起暈電壓會(huì)先下降后上升，而霧凇覆冰導(dǎo)線則出現(xiàn)上下波動(dòng)的趨勢，這是由于覆冰導(dǎo)線表面的粗糙程度不同引起的；覆冰時(shí)間的增加會(huì)使雨凇和混合凇覆冰導(dǎo)線起暈電壓持續(xù)下降，而霧凇覆冰導(dǎo)線起暈電壓則先下降后升高，但起暈電壓的變化速度均會(huì)逐漸變慢并最終趨于飽和。覆冰水電導(dǎo)率對(duì)交流電場下的導(dǎo)線覆冰形態(tài)幾乎沒有影響，也不會(huì)對(duì)霧凇和混合凇覆冰導(dǎo)線的起暈電壓產(chǎn)生影響，但電導(dǎo)率的增加會(huì)使?jié)癖砻娣烹妳^(qū)域擴(kuò)大，因此雨凇覆冰導(dǎo)線起暈電壓會(huì)下降。 本文首次提出了覆冰粗糙系數(shù)W以表征覆冰對(duì)導(dǎo)線表面電場及起暈電壓的影響程度。為研究覆冰對(duì)導(dǎo)線電場的影響規(guī)律，本文根據(jù)不同覆冰形態(tài)建立了導(dǎo)線表面的電場分布模型，，利用有限元法計(jì)算了冰棱尖端的電場強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明：不同電場強(qiáng)度覆冰后的導(dǎo)線由于粗糙程度不同，因此覆冰對(duì)導(dǎo)線電場的畸變影響也不同；和清潔導(dǎo)線相比，覆冰會(huì)使導(dǎo)線表面電場強(qiáng)度增大，這是由于尖銳的冰棱會(huì)使電場分布發(fā)生畸變引起的；覆冰程度的增加會(huì)使雨凇表面電場強(qiáng)度繼續(xù)增大；霧凇由于干增長特性會(huì)在導(dǎo)線表面生成較粗的冰厚，從而弱化冰樹枝對(duì)電場畸變的影響，故霧凇表面電場強(qiáng)度程度隨覆冰時(shí)間的增加而逐漸減��；相同覆冰時(shí)間內(nèi)，覆冰對(duì)導(dǎo)線表面電場的畸變作用，始終是細(xì)導(dǎo)線＞粗導(dǎo)線＞分裂導(dǎo)線的趨勢；利用Matlab對(duì)覆冰粗糙系數(shù)W和起暈電壓Uc進(jìn)行擬合，所得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式可以快速計(jì)算雨凇和霧凇覆冰后的導(dǎo)線起暈電壓。 本文首次在湖南省雪峰山自然覆冰試驗(yàn)現(xiàn)場研究了大氣環(huán)境中過冷卻水滴靠近導(dǎo)線表面時(shí)的受力情況和電暈放電現(xiàn)象，利用三段式電暈籠和Q-V法對(duì)導(dǎo)線覆冰前后的電暈放電量和放電功率等信號(hào)進(jìn)行了測量研究。結(jié)果表明：空間離子濃度決定了水滴荷電后在電場中的受力情況，隨著電場強(qiáng)度的增加水滴受力也會(huì)更大；覆冰之初的電暈放電主要由沉積放電引起，覆冰過程中的電暈放電主要由沉積放電和冰棱尖端放電引起，而覆冰停止后的電暈放電幾乎全部來源于冰棱尖端的放電作用；覆冰過程的沉積放電和冰面電暈放電量均具有隨機(jī)性且近似服從正態(tài)分布；正、負(fù)半周期的電暈放電量會(huì)隨覆冰時(shí)間的增加而出現(xiàn)峰值，之后電暈放電量會(huì)繼續(xù)增加直至出現(xiàn)飽和，最后略微減少；正、負(fù)半周期的總放電量幾乎都相同，僅少部分周期的放電量不一致；5~10kV/cm電場強(qiáng)度下雨凇的放電量、放電功率比霧凇下小，而15~20kV/cm情況則正好相反；不同電導(dǎo)率對(duì)霧凇覆冰導(dǎo)線的電暈放電量幾乎沒有影響，而雨凇覆冰后導(dǎo)線的放電量與放電功率均隨電導(dǎo)率的增加而增加，但雨凇覆冰在20kV/cm下的放電量幅值受電導(dǎo)率的影響小于10kV/cm時(shí)的情況。
[Abstract]:China has a vast territory, complex terrain and geomorphology and a wide range of microclimate characteristics. About 70% of the land area is in high altitude areas. Therefore, under the development strategy of "west to East power supply, North South mutual supply and national interconnection", transmission lines inevitably need to cross the extreme extreme atmospheric environment areas such as ice covering (snow). The surface of the wire after icing is on the surface. There will be local corona discharge and deposition discharge on the surface of the wire. The problems of the corona loss, electromagnetic pollution and line aging caused by the decline of the halo voltage are paid more and more attention at home and abroad. At present, a lot of experiments have been carried out by scholars in various countries to cover the wire through the artificial climate chamber. However, most of the studies have neglected the actual situation of charged ice on the running wire, and did not deeply study the influence of the ice on the corona voltage and the corona discharge characteristics. Therefore, it is of great academic significance and engineering value to study the influence of different types of ice covering on the starting characteristics of the corona discharge of transmission lines.
In this paper, the corona voltage values of 7 types of wires (different diameters, structures and split numbers) were measured and studied in the artificial climate chamber for the first time in the artificial climate chamber. The experimental results show that the electric field intensity has a very obvious effect on the ice coating on the conductor surface; the ice cover will produce the corona voltage value of the wire. The difference of the corona voltage of the surface of the wire is about 40%~60% before and after the ice coating, and the ice electric field intensity of the glaze and the rime icing wire will rise first and then rise in the course of the increase of 0~20kV/cm, while the rime overlying wire appears up and down in the upward trend, which is due to the roughness of the surface of the ice covered wire. With the increase of ice coating time, the corona voltage of the glaze and the rime overlying wire will continue to decrease, while the corona voltage of the rime overlying wire decreases first and then increases, but the change speed of the corona voltage will gradually slow down and eventually tends to saturation. It will not affect the corona voltage of the rime and the rime coated wire, but the increase of the conductivity will increase the discharge area of the surface of the wet ice, so the corona voltage of the rime overlying wire will decrease.
In this paper, the effect of ice coating roughness coefficient W is first presented to characterize the influence of ice coating on electric field and corona voltage on the surface of wire. In order to study the influence of ice on the electric field of wire, the electric field distribution model of wire surface is established according to different icing forms. The electric field strength of the tip of ice edge is calculated by the finite element method. The results show that: The effect of ice coating on the distortion of electric field of wire is different because of the different roughness of the wire with the same electric field strength. Compared with the clean wire, icing will increase the electric field intensity on the surface of the wire, because the sharp ice edge will cause the distortion of the electric field distribution, and the increase of the icing degree will make the electric field intensity on the surface of the glaze. Because of the dry growth characteristics, the rime will produce a thicker ice thickness on the surface of the wire, thus weakening the influence of the ice branches on the electric field distortion, so the intensity of the electric field on the surface of the rime gradually decreases with the increase of the ice coating time. The effect of the ice coating on the electric field of the wire surface is always the fine wire > coarse wire. The trend of split traverse; using the Matlab to fit the ice coating roughness coefficient W and the corona voltage Uc, the obtained empirical formula can quickly calculate the corona voltage of the wire after the glaze and the rime overlying the ice.
In this paper, the stress situation and corona discharge phenomenon of overcooled water droplets near the wire surface in atmospheric environment were studied in the snow peak mountain natural ice test in Hunan province. The corona discharge and discharge power before and after icing was measured by three stage corona cage and Q-V method. The concentration determines the force in the electric field after the charge of the water droplet. With the increase of the intensity of the electric field, the force of the water droplet will be greater. The corona discharge at the beginning of the ice coating is mainly caused by the deposition discharge. The corona discharge in the process of icing is mainly caused by the discharge of the deposition discharge and the tip of the ice edge, and the corona discharge after the ice cessation is almost all the source. The discharge of the ice surface at the tip of ice, the discharge of the deposition and the corona discharge of the ice surface are all random and approximate to the normal distribution, and the corona discharge of the negative half cycle will peak with the increase of the icing time, and then the corona discharge will continue to increase until it is saturated, and then slightly decreases; positive, negative half week. The total discharge in the period is almost the same, and the discharge amount in only a few period is not consistent; the discharge power of the 5~10kV/cm electric field is smaller than the rime, while the 15~20kV/cm situation is just the opposite; the electric discharge of the rime overlying wire is almost not affected by the electrical conductivity, and the discharge quantity and discharge of the wire after the glaze icing is put on. The electrical power increases with the increase of electrical conductivity, but the discharge amplitude of rime icing at 20kV/cm is less than 10kV/cm when the amplitude of discharge is affected by electrical conductivity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM752

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