【摘要】：隨著電子技術的飛速發(fā)展，對高頻電流的計量校準需求日益增加。航空航天電子設備、軍工產品中的運載工具、移動軍事裝備、航海裝置等的電源系統(tǒng)均對重量和體積有著嚴格的要求。由于高頻電流設備，尤其是大電流設備的體積小、重量輕、性能穩(wěn)定可靠，新一代航空航天及軍工產品的研制都傾向于使用高頻電流系統(tǒng)提供電力。在高頻冶煉、電力電子以及醫(yī)學診療設備等方面，高頻電流的使用也相當廣泛。因此，建立寬頻帶的交流電流國家基準成為目前國際上研究的一個熱點問題。 各個國家的交流電流國家基準普遍是以交直流轉換器為基礎，然后采用爬臺階（Step-up）的方法實現(xiàn)各個量程交流電流的量值傳遞。交流電流溯源通常是以熱電變換器10mA的有效值為起始點，然而大量的校準需求則是來自于1A以上乃至100A的高頻電流信號，以爬臺階方法將10mA傳遞到1A需要經過多個步驟。國際上大部分國家建立的交流電流基準在高頻100kHz時的電流上限只是10A或20A，，傳遞所積累的不確定度會隨著電流的增加而越來越大。另外，高頻下交直流差的電流系數(shù)是長期以來制約基準技術指標提高的重要因素，國際上目前也沒有有效的測量和評定方法。本文提出并實現(xiàn)了一種與國際上完全不同的利用高頻電流互感器建立寬頻帶交流電流國家基準的新方法；研制出新型寬頻帶交直流差可計算的同軸分流器，將交流電流的溯源起點由10mA提高到了1A；利用二進制電抗分流器和對高頻電流互感器比例誤差線性的評定，在國際上首次實現(xiàn)了分流器交直流差電流系數(shù)的絕對測量；采取電抗分流器進行交流電流的傳遞，避免了傳遞過程中由于分流器低端電位不一致造成的不確定性；通過電流系數(shù)的評定，結合電流互感器初次級間隔離的優(yōu)勢，改進了10mA到100A交流電流的傳遞方法，將傳遞步驟由國際上普遍采用的12步減少到4步，使得新建的高頻大電流國家基準的技術指標大幅度提高。 本文首先論述了國內外為使用交直流轉換法建立交流電流國家基準方面的研究狀況，分析和總結了方法中存在的問題，接下來研究了交直流差可計算同軸結構分流器和二進制電抗分流器的設計技術，建立了以1A電流為溯源起點的技術基礎，然后研究了高頻大電流互感器的同軸結構設計方法以及新的電流傳遞方法，隨后研究了三種絕對測量分流器交直流差電流系數(shù)的方法，解決了國際上量程擴展中最大的不確定度分量的評定問題，最后對交流電流基準的測量能力進行了不確定度分析，通過旁證實驗對測量方法進行了驗證，保證了交流電流國家基準校準能力的可靠和等效。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of electronic technology, the demand for measurement and calibration of high frequency current is increasing day by day. The power systems of aerospace electronic equipment, military products, mobile military equipment, navigation equipment and so on have strict requirements for weight and volume. Because of the small size, light weight, stable and reliable performance of high-frequency current equipment, especially high-current equipment, the development of new generation aerospace and military products tend to use high-frequency current system to provide power. High-frequency current is also widely used in high-frequency smelting, power electronics and medical diagnosis and treatment equipment. Therefore, the establishment of broad-band AC current national reference has become a hot issue in international research. The national reference of AC current in each country is based on AC / DC converter, and then the method of climbing step (Step-up) is used to realize the value transfer of AC current in each range. The starting point of AC current tracing is usually the effective value of 10mA of thermoelectric converter. However, a large number of calibration requirements come from high frequency current signals above 1A or even 100A. It takes many steps to transfer 10mA to 1A by climbing steps. The current upper limit of AC current reference established by most of the countries in the world is only 10A or 20A at high frequency 100kHz. The uncertainty of transmission accumulated will increase with the increase of current. In addition, the current coefficient of AC / DC difference at high frequency is an important factor that restricts the improvement of standard technical index for a long time, and there is no effective measurement and evaluation method in the world at present. In this paper, a new method of establishing the national reference of wide band AC current by using high frequency current transformer is proposed and realized, and a new type of coaxial shunt with computable AC / DC difference of wide band is developed. The traceability of AC current is improved from 10mA to 1A, and the absolute measurement of AC / DC current coefficient is realized for the first time in the world by using binary reactance shunt and linear evaluation of the proportional error of high frequency current transformer. The reactance shunt is adopted to transfer the AC current, which avoids the uncertainty caused by the inconsistency of the low-end potential of the shunt during the transfer process, and combines the advantages of the primary isolation of the current transformer with the evaluation of the current coefficient. The transmission method of AC current from 10mA to 100A is improved, and the transfer step is reduced from 12 steps to 4 steps, which greatly improves the technical index of the new high frequency and high current national reference. This paper first discusses the research status of establishing the national reference of AC / DC current in China and abroad, and analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the method. Then, the design technology of AC / DC difference computable coaxial shunt and binary reactance shunt is studied, and the technical foundation of tracing the source of 1A current is established. Then, the design method of coaxial structure and new current transfer method of high frequency and large current transformer are studied, and then three methods of absolute measuring AC / DC differential current coefficient of shunt are studied. The evaluation of the largest uncertainty component in the international range expansion is solved. Finally, the uncertainty analysis of the measurement capability of the AC current reference is carried out, and the measurement method is verified by circumstantial experiments. It ensures the reliability and equivalence of the national reference calibration capability of AC current.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM933.1

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