發(fā)布時間：2018-07-23 14:05

【摘要】：太陽能電池是利用半導(dǎo)體材料光生伏特效應(yīng)來工作的器件,能夠?qū)⑻柟獾哪芰恐苯愚D(zhuǎn)化為電能。近年來,在各國利好政策的支持下,光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛。晶體硅電池以其性價比高的優(yōu)勢在光伏市場一直占據(jù)主流地位。圍繞晶體硅電池吸光率及光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率的提高,本文進(jìn)行了系列的相關(guān)研究。采用化學(xué)拋光處理得到光滑的晶體硅表面,去除晶體硅片表面的損傷層,光面晶體硅片所制作的電池具有較高的光生伏特效應(yīng),但是光面晶體電池表面的反射損失高達(dá)30%左右。目前主要采用制絨工藝獲得絨面結(jié)構(gòu)來減少其表面反射損失,但絨面結(jié)構(gòu)會導(dǎo)致晶體硅高溫擴散不一致、晶格位錯缺陷、接觸電阻增大等不利因素的凸顯,從而削弱晶體硅電池的光生伏特效應(yīng)。本文研究一種陷光膜復(fù)合至光面晶體硅表面,以提高光面晶體硅電池的吸光率,并保持其較高的光生伏特效應(yīng),得到了高效率的光面晶體硅-陷光膜復(fù)合電池。本文主要從以下幾個方面展開研究:1)分析各種晶體硅的表面制絨方法及其表面結(jié)構(gòu),研究晶體硅電池表面微結(jié)構(gòu)對其光學(xué)性能及光生伏特效應(yīng)的影響。實驗制作光面晶體硅電池和不同尺寸微結(jié)構(gòu)的絨面晶體硅電池,觀察各種晶體硅電池的表面形貌,并測試其吸光率及轉(zhuǎn)換效率。撇開吸光率的影響,分析不同表面形貌對晶體硅電池的光生伏特效應(yīng)的影響規(guī)律,通過實驗得到了光面晶體硅電池具有最佳的光生伏特效應(yīng)。2)分析晶體硅電池絨面結(jié)構(gòu)的陷光原理,根據(jù)陷光原理設(shè)計陷光膜的表面形貌及結(jié)構(gòu),通過理論計算及軟件模擬優(yōu)化陷光膜結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。根據(jù)晶體硅的折射率及多層膜減反射原理選擇合適的陷光膜材質(zhì),研究其加工工藝,制作出陷光膜并測試其表面粗糙度。3)研究層壓復(fù)合工藝及膠粘復(fù)合工藝,結(jié)合陷光膜材質(zhì)及晶體硅電池,優(yōu)化光面晶體硅-陷光膜復(fù)合電池的結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)建高效的光面晶體硅-陷光膜復(fù)合電池模型。實驗制作光面晶體硅-陷光膜復(fù)合電池,實驗分析復(fù)合電池的光學(xué)和電學(xué)特性。通過以上研究,確定出高光生伏特效應(yīng)的光面晶體硅電池及其制作工藝,設(shè)計低反射損失的陷光膜,通過將陷光膜復(fù)合至光面晶體硅電池表面,提高光面晶體硅電池的吸光率,從而獲得較高轉(zhuǎn)換效率的復(fù)合電池。獲得的復(fù)合電池轉(zhuǎn)換效率為18.1%,比相同基材的絨面晶體硅電池的轉(zhuǎn)換效率提升1.6%。
[Abstract]:Solar cells are devices that work by using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials, which can convert solar energy directly into electric energy. In recent years, under the support of favorable policies, photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly. Crystal silicon cells have always occupied the mainstream position in the photovoltaic market because of their high performance-to-price advantage. A series of related studies have been carried out to improve the absorptivity and photoelectric conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon cells. The smooth crystal silicon surface was obtained by chemical polishing, and the damage layer on the crystal silicon surface was removed. The photovoltaic effect of the battery made by the smooth crystal silicon wafer was higher, but the reflection loss of the smooth crystal cell surface was about 30%. In order to reduce the surface reflection loss, the cashmere structure is mainly used to reduce the surface reflection loss. However, the flannel structure will lead to the inconsistency of crystal silicon diffusion at high temperature, the lattice dislocation defect, the increase of contact resistance, and so on. Thus the photogenerated volt effect of crystalline silicon cell is weakened. In order to improve the absorbency and maintain the high photovolt effect, a kind of photovoltaic composite cell with high efficiency has been obtained by using a kind of trapping film composite to the surface silicon surface crystal silicon surface in order to improve the absorbency of the crystal silicon cell and maintain its high photogenerated volt effect. In this paper, we mainly analyze the surface velvet making methods and surface structure of various crystalline silicon from the following aspects: 1) and study the influence of the surface microstructure on the optical properties and photovolt effect of crystalline silicon cells. The smooth crystal silicon cell and the flannel crystal silicon cell with different sizes were fabricated. The surface morphology of various crystal silicon cells were observed and their light absorption and conversion efficiency were measured. The influence of different surface morphology on photogenerated volt effect of crystal silicon cell is analyzed, and the influence of absorption ratio on the photovolt effect is analyzed. The experimental results show that the crystal silicon cell has the best photogenerated volt effect (.2). The surface morphology and structure of the film are designed according to the principle of trapping light. The structural parameters of the trapping film were optimized by theoretical calculation and software simulation. According to the refractive index of crystal silicon and the antireflection principle of multilayer film, the suitable material of the film is selected, the processing technology of the film is studied, the trapping film is made and its surface roughness is measured. (3) the laminated composite process and the adhesive composite technology are studied. The structure of crystal silicon-trapping film composite battery was optimized by combining the material of optical trapping film and crystal silicon cell, and an efficient model of crystal silicon-trap film composite battery was constructed. The optical and electrical properties of the crystal silicon-trapping film composite battery were analyzed experimentally. Through the above research, the high photovoltaic crystal silicon cell and its fabrication process are determined, and the low reflection loss trapping film is designed. By combining the trapping film on the surface of the smooth crystal silicon cell, the absorptivity of the smooth crystal silicon cell is improved. Thus, the composite battery with high conversion efficiency is obtained. The conversion efficiency of the composite battery is 18.1g, which is 1.6 higher than that of the suede crystal silicon cell with the same substrate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM914.4

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