風電機組風輪不平衡載荷的影響分析與控制
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 08:45
【摘要】：隨著新能源技術的發(fā)展,風能在電力能源結構中所占比例不斷增加。中國風電機組裝機總容量已達到全球第一,單機容量更大,塔架更高,葉片更長,是當代風電技術發(fā)展的主要趨勢。不平衡載荷引發(fā)的風電機組振動及轉矩波動問題愈發(fā)嚴重,影響著風電機組的運行安全。一旦過振失控,輕則過疲勞損傷,重則塔架斷裂倒塌。因此,對風電機組的載荷、塔架位移的控制研究意義重大。 為研究不平衡載荷對風電機組氣動轉矩的影響,在空氣動力學的理論基礎上,建立了將風切變、塔影效應考慮在內的風模型,利用對該模型求解得到的等效風速可直接用于計算氣動轉矩。仿真結果表明了風切變、塔影效應的存在使得氣動轉矩產生3p的波動,并通過仿真結果對比得知,塔影效應對輸出轉矩的影響遠大于風切變的影響。同時,氣動轉矩的波動會造成塔架的振動,利用結構動力學的知識,對葉片與塔筒的各階振型進行仿真建模,并對其振動頻率進行了分析,為后續(xù)的控制環(huán)節(jié)設計提供理論依據(jù)。 風電機組的變槳調節(jié)主要用于額定風速以上的恒功率控制及額定風速以下的風能捕捉優(yōu)化。同步變槳控制能夠在風速高于額定風速時維持風電機組的額定功率輸出,但是無法實現(xiàn)對不平衡載荷的控制,因此,所設計的整個變槳距控制系統(tǒng)包含兩部分內容,一部分為同步變槳控制用于保持風電機組的額定功率,另一部分是在同步變槳基礎上針對載荷的獨立變槳距調節(jié)。根據(jù)風電機組設計的基本理論,建立風電機組模型,提出基于增益調度算法的同步變槳控制,并在經典運動方程中引入獨立變槳距載荷控制算法,依據(jù)魯棒控制與最優(yōu)控制理論,完成控制器的設計。在MATLAB完成控制器的仿真,并利用C++語言編寫dll文件完成GL Bladed軟件外部控制器的編寫,實現(xiàn)了同步變槳算法與獨立變槳算法的控制過程,結果表明所采用的控制方法能夠在滿足風電機組變槳距控制需求的基礎上,顯著減小不平衡載荷和塔架俯仰力矩。
[Abstract]:With the development of new energy technology, the proportion of wind energy in power energy structure is increasing. The total installed capacity of wind turbine units in China has reached the first place in the world, the single unit capacity is larger, the tower is higher, and the blade is longer, which is the main trend of the development of modern wind power technology. The problem of wind turbine vibration and torque fluctuation caused by unbalanced load is becoming more and more serious, which affects the safety of wind turbine operation. Once the vibration is out of control, the fatigue damage is light and the tower collapses. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the load and tower displacement control of wind turbine. In order to study the effect of unbalanced load on the aerodynamic torque of wind turbine, a wind model which takes wind shear and tower shadow effect into account is established on the basis of aerodynamics theory. The equivalent wind speed obtained from the model can be directly used to calculate the aerodynamic torque. The simulation results show that the wind shear and the tower shadow effect make the aerodynamic torque fluctuate with 3p. The comparison of the simulation results shows that the influence of the tower shadow effect on the output torque is much greater than the wind shear effect. At the same time, the vibration of the tower will be caused by the fluctuation of the aerodynamic torque. Using the knowledge of structural dynamics, the vibration frequency of the blade and the tower tube is simulated and modeled, and its vibration frequency is analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent design of control links. The variable propeller regulation of wind turbine is mainly used to control the constant power above the rated wind speed and to capture and optimize the wind energy below the rated wind speed. The synchronous propeller control can maintain the rated power output of the wind turbine when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed, but it can not realize the control of the unbalanced load. Therefore, the whole variable pitch control system is composed of two parts. One part is used to maintain the rated power of the wind turbine, the other is the independent pitch adjustment for load on the basis of synchronous variable propeller. According to the basic theory of wind turbine design, the wind turbine model is established, and the synchronous variable propeller control based on gain scheduling algorithm is proposed, and the independent variable pitch load control algorithm is introduced into the classical motion equation. According to the theory of robust control and optimal control, the controller is designed. The simulation of the controller is completed in MATLAB, and the external controller of GL laded software is compiled with C language dll file. The control process of synchronous pitch algorithm and independent pitch algorithm is realized. The results show that the proposed control method can significantly reduce the unbalanced load and the pitch moment of the tower on the basis of satisfying the requirements of variable pitch control of wind turbine.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614
本文編號：2134981
[Abstract]:With the development of new energy technology, the proportion of wind energy in power energy structure is increasing. The total installed capacity of wind turbine units in China has reached the first place in the world, the single unit capacity is larger, the tower is higher, and the blade is longer, which is the main trend of the development of modern wind power technology. The problem of wind turbine vibration and torque fluctuation caused by unbalanced load is becoming more and more serious, which affects the safety of wind turbine operation. Once the vibration is out of control, the fatigue damage is light and the tower collapses. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the load and tower displacement control of wind turbine. In order to study the effect of unbalanced load on the aerodynamic torque of wind turbine, a wind model which takes wind shear and tower shadow effect into account is established on the basis of aerodynamics theory. The equivalent wind speed obtained from the model can be directly used to calculate the aerodynamic torque. The simulation results show that the wind shear and the tower shadow effect make the aerodynamic torque fluctuate with 3p. The comparison of the simulation results shows that the influence of the tower shadow effect on the output torque is much greater than the wind shear effect. At the same time, the vibration of the tower will be caused by the fluctuation of the aerodynamic torque. Using the knowledge of structural dynamics, the vibration frequency of the blade and the tower tube is simulated and modeled, and its vibration frequency is analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent design of control links. The variable propeller regulation of wind turbine is mainly used to control the constant power above the rated wind speed and to capture and optimize the wind energy below the rated wind speed. The synchronous propeller control can maintain the rated power output of the wind turbine when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed, but it can not realize the control of the unbalanced load. Therefore, the whole variable pitch control system is composed of two parts. One part is used to maintain the rated power of the wind turbine, the other is the independent pitch adjustment for load on the basis of synchronous variable propeller. According to the basic theory of wind turbine design, the wind turbine model is established, and the synchronous variable propeller control based on gain scheduling algorithm is proposed, and the independent variable pitch load control algorithm is introduced into the classical motion equation. According to the theory of robust control and optimal control, the controller is designed. The simulation of the controller is completed in MATLAB, and the external controller of GL laded software is compiled with C language dll file. The control process of synchronous pitch algorithm and independent pitch algorithm is realized. The results show that the proposed control method can significantly reduce the unbalanced load and the pitch moment of the tower on the basis of satisfying the requirements of variable pitch control of wind turbine.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614
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