發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-18 16:44

【摘要】：永磁電機(jī)與傳統(tǒng)的電勵(lì)磁電機(jī)相對比,具有明顯的優(yōu)勢,它不但擁有更高的功率密度和效率,而且結(jié)構(gòu)多種多樣,能在大部分場合取代傳統(tǒng)電勵(lì)磁電機(jī)。目前,永磁電機(jī)由于極廣的功率范圍,被運(yùn)用在國民生產(chǎn)的各行各業(yè),產(chǎn)量劇增。因此世界各國的電機(jī)電器行業(yè)和科研院所都把對永磁電機(jī)的開發(fā)和研究列為熱點(diǎn)。本文研究對象是調(diào)速永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī),論文主要涉及電機(jī)的電磁設(shè)計(jì)、氣隙磁場優(yōu)化設(shè)、控制系統(tǒng)仿真及電機(jī)功率密度提高幾部分,主要的研究內(nèi)容如下：第一部分綜述了本文的研究背景以及永磁同步電機(jī)本體和變頻控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。永磁同步電機(jī)的控制技術(shù)主要分為開環(huán)變頻控制和矢量控制兩類。這兩類控制方法特點(diǎn)鮮明,其中開環(huán)變頻控制成本低,適用于對動(dòng)態(tài)性能要求不高的場合,如風(fēng)機(jī)、水泵等電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)；而矢量控制精度高、效果好,適用于電梯、伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)等場合。因此研究永磁同步電機(jī)變頻控制系統(tǒng)十分有必要。第二部分介紹了永磁同步電機(jī)的分類情況,對不同轉(zhuǎn)子磁路結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)置式永磁同步電機(jī)做了詳細(xì)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)分析。接著根據(jù)永磁同步電機(jī)的電壓電磁方程以及矢量圖,研究了其穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行性能與損耗狀況,最后介紹了恒壓頻比控制和id=0控制這兩種常用的控制方法。本章內(nèi)容為后續(xù)深入分析調(diào)速永磁同步電機(jī)的其他性能奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。第三部分進(jìn)行了調(diào)速永磁同步電機(jī)的電磁設(shè)計(jì)與波形優(yōu)化研究。電磁設(shè)計(jì)的主要任務(wù)是根據(jù)給出的電機(jī)性能指標(biāo)要求,合理選擇電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)型式,確定電機(jī)各部分所用材料,計(jì)算出相應(yīng)的電磁負(fù)荷,從而確定具體的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,以達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。這部分需要結(jié)合商業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)軟件建立永磁同步電機(jī)的二維有限元分析模型,以便于研究其空載特性。接著為了改良內(nèi)置式永磁同步電機(jī)的性能,提高效率,對其氣隙磁密波形進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,通過改變隔磁磁橋的形狀和永磁體的形狀,來獲得正弦性良好的氣隙磁密波形。第四部分研究了調(diào)速永磁同步電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)。運(yùn)用Simplorer與Maxwell 2D的聯(lián)合仿真,將控制電路與電機(jī)本體相結(jié)合,分別使用恒壓頻比控制策略和id=0控制策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對調(diào)速永磁同步電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)性能的研究。本文所采用的聯(lián)合仿真方法,解決了調(diào)速永磁同步電機(jī)在單獨(dú)使用Maxwell 2D時(shí)仿真困難、結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確的問題,具有實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。第五部分為了進(jìn)一步提高永磁同步電機(jī)的功率密度和效率,進(jìn)行了雙轉(zhuǎn)子永磁同步電機(jī)的研究。雙轉(zhuǎn)子永磁同步電機(jī)是一種新型電機(jī),是由內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子、中間定子、外轉(zhuǎn)子嵌套而成,可以看作是一個(gè)外轉(zhuǎn)子永磁同步電機(jī)和一個(gè)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)子永磁同步電機(jī)的合成。本文為了簡化雙轉(zhuǎn)子永磁同步電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)難度,提出了一種等效設(shè)計(jì)方法,并進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證和樣機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)以證明此方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Compared with the traditional electric excitation motor, the permanent magnet motor has obvious advantages. It not only has higher power density and efficiency, but also has a variety of structures, so it can replace the traditional electric excitation motor in most situations. At present, permanent magnet motor is used in various industries of national production because of its wide power range. Therefore, the development and research of permanent magnet motors are regarded as hot spots in the electric machinery industry and scientific research institutes all over the world. The research object of this paper is the speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor. The paper mainly involves the electromagnetic design of the motor, the optimization of the air gap magnetic field, the simulation of the control system and the increase of the power density of the motor. The main contents are as follows: the first part summarizes the background of this paper and the development of PMSM Noumenon and frequency conversion control technology. The control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor is divided into two types: open loop frequency conversion control and vector control. These two kinds of control methods are characterized by their low cost of open-loop frequency conversion control, which is suitable for the drive of motors such as fans, pumps and so on, where the dynamic performance is not high, while the vector control method has high precision and good effect, and is suitable for the elevator. Servo drive and other occasions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the frequency conversion control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In the second part, the classification of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of PMSM with different rotor magnetic circuit are analyzed in detail. Then, according to the voltage electromagnetic equation and vector diagram of PMSM, the steady-state performance and loss of PMSM are studied. At last, two common control methods, constant voltage frequency ratio control and id=0 control, are introduced. This chapter lays a theoretical foundation for further analysis of other performances of speed-adjusted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In the third part, the electromagnetic design and waveform optimization of speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are studied. The main task of electromagnetic design is to reasonably select the structure type of the motor, determine the materials used in each part of the motor, calculate the corresponding electromagnetic load, and then determine the specific structure size according to the performance requirements of the motor. To meet the design requirements. In order to study the no-load characteristics of PMSM, a two-dimensional finite element analysis model of PMSM should be established with commercial design software. Then in order to improve the performance and efficiency of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, the air-gap magnetic density waveform is optimized. By changing the shape of the magnetic barrier bridge and the permanent magnet, a sinusoidal air-gap magnetic density waveform is obtained. In the fourth part, the control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied. By using the combined simulation of Simplorer and Maxwell 2D, the control circuit is combined with the motor body, and the constant voltage frequency ratio control strategy and the id=0 control strategy are used, respectively, to realize the research on the dynamic performance of the speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The joint simulation method used in this paper solves the problem of difficulty and inaccuracy in the simulation of speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor using Maxwell 2D alone, which is of practical significance. In the fifth part, in order to improve the power density and efficiency of PMSM, the double rotor PMSM is studied. Dual-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a new type of motor, which consists of inner rotor, middle stator and outer rotor. It can be regarded as a combination of an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor and an inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor. In order to simplify the design difficulty of double rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, an equivalent design method is proposed in this paper, and the simulation and prototype experiments are carried out to prove the effectiveness of this method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM341

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本文編號：2132525