風力機尾流數(shù)值模擬及風電場機組布局優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-16 21:48
【摘要】：風經(jīng)過旋轉(zhuǎn)的風輪時由于部分動能被吸收轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能,風力機下游出現(xiàn)風速下降、湍流強度增加等現(xiàn)象,這被稱為風力機的尾流效應。前人的研究報告中指出,在當前投產(chǎn)運營的風電場中,尾流效應會導致風電場發(fā)電功率降低15%~50%不等。因此,深入研究風力機尾流效應具有重要意義。微觀選址工作是風工程項目運營的前提和基礎(chǔ),在開展風電場微觀選址工作時,應合理布置各風力機的位置,盡量避開風力機尾流的影響,提高風電場的風能利用率和綜合經(jīng)濟效益。近年來,隨著風能產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,一些地形復雜的風電場開始投產(chǎn)運營。復雜風電場的地形起伏變化較大、影響因素眾多,增大了復雜地形風電場微觀選址的難度。本文圍繞風力機尾流數(shù)值模擬、平坦地形風電場微觀選址、復雜地形風電場流動分布及其機組布局優(yōu)化等方面開展了如下研究工作:(1)提出適用于風力機尾流數(shù)值模擬的修正AD/RANS方法,并對其計算精度、魯棒性和通用性進行測試。本文結(jié)果和前人的研究結(jié)果一致表明,當采用Actuator Disc(廣義致動盤,簡稱AD)方法結(jié)合RANS模型(這二者的結(jié)合為AD/RANS)模擬風力機尾流時,得到的尾流流場與實驗結(jié)果存在一定的誤差。于是,依據(jù)AD方法的簡化思想、RANS湍流模型的特點、大氣邊界層的屬性等,分析誤差的來源,基于扎實的理論依據(jù)對湍流模型提出修正,發(fā)展了兩種適用于風力機尾流預測的修正AD/RANS方法。通過單臺風力機尾流、兩臺風力機混合尾流、多臺風力機混合尾流和偏尾流等情況的數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明本文發(fā)展的修正AD/RANS方法表現(xiàn)較好、計算精度較高,可作為一種基于CFD的數(shù)值方法,應用于風力機尾流流動機理的研究。(2)基于風工程領(lǐng)域廣泛使用的Jensen尾流模型(PARK尾流模型),發(fā)展一種較高精度的2D_k Jensen尾流模型。受制于目前的計算資源,在風工程領(lǐng)域應用較為廣泛的依然是一些工程尾流模型。針對經(jīng)典Jensen尾流模型存在的精度不足問題,提出一種更能準確反映風力機尾流流場分布情況的模型—2D_k Jensen尾流模型。通過近十個數(shù)值算例的驗證,表明2D_k Jensen尾流模型不管是對風力機尾流中速度分布和湍流強度分布的預測還是對風電場發(fā)電量的評估,都表現(xiàn)了較好的計算性能。由此可以推測,該方法可應用于風電場微觀選址工作,為開發(fā)商提供較為準確的風電場特征數(shù)據(jù)。(3)針對平坦地形風電場開展機組布局優(yōu)化研究�；谇拔乃l(fā)展的可靠尾流模型—2D_k Jensen尾流模型評估風電場發(fā)電量,基于更貼近現(xiàn)實的成本模型評估風電場項目成本,采用高效率的優(yōu)化算法和多樣的優(yōu)化策略對平坦地形風電場機組布局問題進行優(yōu)化運算。結(jié)果中給出幾組較優(yōu)的機組布局圖和各布局所對應的風電場特征參數(shù)供決策者根據(jù)需求進行選擇。該工作對于現(xiàn)實中的平坦地形風電場微觀選址工作具有一定的參考價值。(4)開展復雜地形風電場的流動分布及機組排布優(yōu)化研究。建立復雜地形幾何模型,研究復雜地形風電場周圍的流動發(fā)展和變化規(guī)律。針對復雜地形風電場的微觀選址工作,研究目前常用的解耦算法(分別計算尾流效應和地形效應然后將二者的結(jié)果線性疊加)與常規(guī)的耦合計算方法之間的誤差。計算結(jié)果表明,針對本文選取的堤壩地形風電場,就計算到的速度大小而言,解耦算法會引入20%左右的誤差。最后,對山地地形風電場進行機組布局優(yōu)化研究,其結(jié)果可為當前的復雜地形風電場建設(shè)提供參考和指導。
[Abstract]:The wind passing through a rotating wind wheel is converted into mechanical energy due to the absorption of some kinetic energy, and the wind speed decreases and the turbulence intensity is increased in the downstream of the wind turbine. This is called the wake effect of the wind turbine. In the previous research report, the wake effect in the current operation of the wind farm will lead to the reduction of the power generation power of the wind farm by 15%~50%. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of wind turbine tail flow. The microcosmic location work is the prerequisite and foundation for the operation of wind engineering projects. In carrying out the micro location of the wind farm, the position of each wind turbine should be arranged reasonably, the wind turbine tail flow is avoided as far as possible, and the wind energy utilization rate and the comprehensive economic benefit of the wind farm are improved in recent years. With the vigorous development of the wind energy industry, some complex wind farms have begun to operate. The terrain fluctuation of complex wind farms has been changed greatly and the influence factors are numerous, and the difficulty of the micro location of the wind farm of complex terrain is increased. The following research work has been carried out on the dynamic distribution and the optimization of the layout of the unit. (1) a modified AD/RANS method is proposed for the numerical simulation of wind turbine tail flow, and its calculation accuracy, robustness and generality are tested. The results of this paper are in agreement with the results of previous studies, and the method of using the Actuator Disc (generalized actuated disk, AD) method is shown. Combining the RANS model (the combination of the two is AD/RANS) to simulate the wind turbine tail flow, there is a certain error in the wake flow field and the experimental results. Then, based on the simplified thought of the AD method, the characteristics of the RANS turbulence model and the properties of the atmospheric boundary layer, the source of the error is analyzed, and the turbulence model is amended based on a solid theoretical basis. Two modified AD/RANS methods are developed for wind turbine tail flow prediction. Through numerical simulation of single wind turbine tail flow, two wind turbine mixing tail flow, multi wind turbine mixing tail flow and partial tail flow, the results show that the modified AD/RANS method presented in this paper has better performance and higher calculation precision, which can be used as a kind of numerical value based on CFD. The method is applied to the study of the mechanism of wind turbine tail flow. (2) based on the widely used Jensen wake model (PARK wake model) in wind engineering, a high precision 2D_k Jensen wake model is developed. Under the current computing resources, some engineering wake models are still widely used in the field of wind engineering. The classic Jen is still used in the wind engineering field. The accuracy of the Sen wake model is insufficient. A model, 2D_k Jensen wake model, which can more accurately reflect the distribution of wind turbine wake flow field, is presented. Through the verification of nearly ten numerical examples, it is shown that the 2D_k Jensen wake model is the prediction of the velocity distribution and the distribution of turbulence intensity in the tail flow of the wind turbine or to the wind farm. This method can be applied to the micro location of the wind farm and provide more accurate wind power characteristics data for the developers. (3) the research on the optimization of the unit layout for flat topographic wind farms. Based on the reliable wake model developed in the previous paper, 2D_k Jensen tail flow The model estimates wind power generation, and based on the more realistic cost model to evaluate the cost of wind farm project. Using the efficient optimization algorithm and various optimization strategies to optimize the layout problem of flat topographic wind farm units, several groups of better unit layout and the characteristic parameters of wind farms corresponding to the layout are given. The number is for the decision makers to choose according to the needs. This work has a certain reference value for the actual flat topographic wind farm micro location work. (4) carry out the flow distribution of the complex terrain wind farm and the optimization of the arrangement of the unit arrangement. In view of the micro location of the wind farm in complex terrain, the error between the commonly used decoupling algorithms (calculation of the wake effect and the topographic effect and then the linear superposition of the results of the two) with the conventional coupling calculation method is studied. The calculation results show that the calculated velocity is calculated according to the wind electric field of the embankment topography selected in this paper. As a result, the decoupling algorithm will introduce about 20% of the error. Finally, the optimization of the layout of the wind farm in the mountain terrain is studied. The results can provide reference and guidance for the construction of the current complex terrain wind farm.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614
本文編號：2127769
[Abstract]:The wind passing through a rotating wind wheel is converted into mechanical energy due to the absorption of some kinetic energy, and the wind speed decreases and the turbulence intensity is increased in the downstream of the wind turbine. This is called the wake effect of the wind turbine. In the previous research report, the wake effect in the current operation of the wind farm will lead to the reduction of the power generation power of the wind farm by 15%~50%. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effect of wind turbine tail flow. The microcosmic location work is the prerequisite and foundation for the operation of wind engineering projects. In carrying out the micro location of the wind farm, the position of each wind turbine should be arranged reasonably, the wind turbine tail flow is avoided as far as possible, and the wind energy utilization rate and the comprehensive economic benefit of the wind farm are improved in recent years. With the vigorous development of the wind energy industry, some complex wind farms have begun to operate. The terrain fluctuation of complex wind farms has been changed greatly and the influence factors are numerous, and the difficulty of the micro location of the wind farm of complex terrain is increased. The following research work has been carried out on the dynamic distribution and the optimization of the layout of the unit. (1) a modified AD/RANS method is proposed for the numerical simulation of wind turbine tail flow, and its calculation accuracy, robustness and generality are tested. The results of this paper are in agreement with the results of previous studies, and the method of using the Actuator Disc (generalized actuated disk, AD) method is shown. Combining the RANS model (the combination of the two is AD/RANS) to simulate the wind turbine tail flow, there is a certain error in the wake flow field and the experimental results. Then, based on the simplified thought of the AD method, the characteristics of the RANS turbulence model and the properties of the atmospheric boundary layer, the source of the error is analyzed, and the turbulence model is amended based on a solid theoretical basis. Two modified AD/RANS methods are developed for wind turbine tail flow prediction. Through numerical simulation of single wind turbine tail flow, two wind turbine mixing tail flow, multi wind turbine mixing tail flow and partial tail flow, the results show that the modified AD/RANS method presented in this paper has better performance and higher calculation precision, which can be used as a kind of numerical value based on CFD. The method is applied to the study of the mechanism of wind turbine tail flow. (2) based on the widely used Jensen wake model (PARK wake model) in wind engineering, a high precision 2D_k Jensen wake model is developed. Under the current computing resources, some engineering wake models are still widely used in the field of wind engineering. The classic Jen is still used in the wind engineering field. The accuracy of the Sen wake model is insufficient. A model, 2D_k Jensen wake model, which can more accurately reflect the distribution of wind turbine wake flow field, is presented. Through the verification of nearly ten numerical examples, it is shown that the 2D_k Jensen wake model is the prediction of the velocity distribution and the distribution of turbulence intensity in the tail flow of the wind turbine or to the wind farm. This method can be applied to the micro location of the wind farm and provide more accurate wind power characteristics data for the developers. (3) the research on the optimization of the unit layout for flat topographic wind farms. Based on the reliable wake model developed in the previous paper, 2D_k Jensen tail flow The model estimates wind power generation, and based on the more realistic cost model to evaluate the cost of wind farm project. Using the efficient optimization algorithm and various optimization strategies to optimize the layout problem of flat topographic wind farm units, several groups of better unit layout and the characteristic parameters of wind farms corresponding to the layout are given. The number is for the decision makers to choose according to the needs. This work has a certain reference value for the actual flat topographic wind farm micro location work. (4) carry out the flow distribution of the complex terrain wind farm and the optimization of the arrangement of the unit arrangement. In view of the micro location of the wind farm in complex terrain, the error between the commonly used decoupling algorithms (calculation of the wake effect and the topographic effect and then the linear superposition of the results of the two) with the conventional coupling calculation method is studied. The calculation results show that the calculated velocity is calculated according to the wind electric field of the embankment topography selected in this paper. As a result, the decoupling algorithm will introduce about 20% of the error. Finally, the optimization of the layout of the wind farm in the mountain terrain is studied. The results can provide reference and guidance for the construction of the current complex terrain wind farm.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614
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