本文選題：住宅負荷 + 計算負荷　； 參考：《重慶大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人們生活水平的提高，家用電器使用數(shù)量和種類不斷增加，導致目前住宅負荷用電特性有了很大改變，對住宅計算的負荷估計出現(xiàn)較大偏差，這些新型用電設備多為單相非線性負荷，使得配電系統(tǒng)中諧波問題越來越嚴重，因此需要對此開展全面系統(tǒng)的研究。 論文通過實測數(shù)據(jù)對住宅負荷的用電特性進行分析。給出了低壓配電系統(tǒng)不同配電點的日負荷曲線，并針對負荷曲線的特征參數(shù)以及目前住宅供電變壓器負荷率普遍偏低的問題進行了分析。通過對大量單戶負載的實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析得到其在每半小時的功率分布情況，采用核密度估計方法對每個時間段的數(shù)據(jù)做擬合，提出通過隨機抽樣建立與住宅戶數(shù)對應的日負荷曲線，并進行需要系數(shù)確定的方法。該方法可有效利用自動抄表系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)，及時更新負荷計算所需的基本計算參數(shù)——需要系數(shù)，從而避免負荷計算結(jié)果與實際使用結(jié)果偏差較大的問題。 單相非線性性質(zhì)的用電設備大量使用，導致在低壓配電系統(tǒng)中含有很多的高次諧波電流，尤其是3次諧波電流含量較大，諧波問題已經(jīng)是配電系統(tǒng)中不可忽視的問題。為了知道住宅負荷的配電系統(tǒng)中具體的諧波情況，在本文中對某住宅小區(qū)不同位置的配電線路上諧波電流進行了分析，依據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)，分別對一天內(nèi)和一年中的電流諧波特性進行了對比分析，另外對某辦公室進線上的電流諧波特性進行了分析。本文工作為低壓配電系統(tǒng)中的諧波評估、諧波治理奠定了基礎。 3次諧波電流含量較大是目前低壓配電系統(tǒng)負荷的普遍特征，利用這一特征，對中性線斷線故障檢測方法方法進行了研究。其基本原理是通過檢測線路首端三次諧波變化來判斷是否發(fā)生中性線斷線故障。仿真和實測分析表明：無論故障點以后的負荷是否平衡，當中性線斷線時線路首端三次諧波均會呈現(xiàn)不同程度變化，故障點越接近線路首端，故障導致的三次諧波變化就越顯著。本文對中性線斷線故障時線路首端三次諧波和基波的突變規(guī)律，以及正常運行時，負荷三次諧波和基波的波動規(guī)律進行了研究和分析，，獲得了將故障和正常運行狀態(tài)進行有效區(qū)分的故障判據(jù)和故障判別流程。利用實測負荷的波動數(shù)據(jù)進行仿真研究，驗證了故障檢測判據(jù)在負荷平衡和不平衡狀態(tài)下對中性線斷線故障判別的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the quantity and variety of household appliances are increasing, which leads to great changes in the characteristics of residential load, and there is a great deviation in the calculation of residential load. Most of these new electrical equipment are single phase nonlinear load, which makes the harmonic problem more and more serious in the distribution system, so it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive and systematic study. Based on the measured data, the paper analyzes the electrical characteristics of residential load. The daily load curve of different distribution points in low voltage distribution system is given. The characteristic parameters of load curve and the problem that the load rate of residential power supply transformer is generally low at present is analyzed. By analyzing the experimental data of a large number of single-family loads, the power distribution in every half hour is obtained, and the data of each time period is fitted by the kernel density estimation method. The daily load curve corresponding to the number of residential units is established by random sampling and the method of determining the demand coefficient is put forward. This method can effectively utilize the data of automatic meter reading system, and update the basic calculation parameter-the required coefficient of load calculation in time, so as to avoid the problem that the result of load calculation deviates greatly from the result of actual use. The large use of single-phase nonlinear power equipment leads to a lot of high-order harmonic currents in the low-voltage distribution system, especially the large content of the third harmonic current. The harmonic problem has become a problem that can not be ignored in the distribution system. In order to know the specific harmonics in the distribution system of residential load, the harmonic current on the distribution line of different positions in a residential district is analyzed in this paper, and according to the experimental data, The current harmonic characteristics in one day and one year are compared and analyzed respectively. In addition, the current harmonic characteristics on the incoming line of an office are analyzed. This paper lays a foundation for harmonic evaluation and harmonic control in low voltage distribution system. The high third harmonic current content is the universal characteristic of the load of low voltage distribution system at present. The fault detection method of neutral line break is studied. The basic principle is to detect the change of the third harmonic at the first end of the line to determine whether the breakage of neutral line occurs. Simulation and measured analysis show that the third harmonics of the first end of the line will change in varying degrees, regardless of whether the load after the fault point is balanced or not, the closer the fault point is to the first end of the line, the more close the fault point is to the first end of the line. The more significant the third harmonic change caused by the fault. In this paper, the sudden changes of the first and third harmonic and fundamental wave of the line when the neutral line is broken, and the fluctuation law of the third harmonic and the fundamental wave of the load in normal operation are studied and analyzed. A fault criterion and a fault identification flow are obtained to distinguish the fault from the normal operation state. By using the measured load fluctuation data, the validity of the fault detection criterion for the fault diagnosis of neutral line breakage is verified under load balance and unbalance.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM714

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