本文選題：永磁同步電機(jī) + 直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制　； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制（DTC）不需要進(jìn)行解耦控制，并且結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)快，因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于永磁同步電機(jī)中。然而在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，受傳統(tǒng)定子磁鏈觀測(cè)法的觀測(cè)精度和時(shí)滯現(xiàn)象的影響，永磁同步電機(jī)DTC系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁鏈脈動(dòng)很大，系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性能不佳。因此，針對(duì)定子磁鏈觀測(cè)方法和含有時(shí)滯的DTC系統(tǒng)的研究就具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際價(jià)值。 全文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： 1.研究設(shè)計(jì)了永磁同步電機(jī)定子磁鏈—定子電流全維狀態(tài)觀測(cè)器和降維狀態(tài)觀測(cè)器。定子磁鏈的觀測(cè)精度直接影響著系統(tǒng)的性能，而低速時(shí)直流偏移和電機(jī)參數(shù)變化等因素又會(huì)引起定子磁鏈觀測(cè)精度下降。針對(duì)此問(wèn)題，本文首先進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的變量代換，將含有轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號(hào)的定子電流方程轉(zhuǎn)化為不含轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號(hào)的方程。其次，設(shè)計(jì)了以定子電流和定子磁鏈為狀態(tài)變量的全維觀測(cè)器，解決了定子磁鏈易受電機(jī)參數(shù)影響的問(wèn)題。然后，為了簡(jiǎn)化系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，又進(jìn)一步設(shè)計(jì)了以定子電流和定子磁鏈為狀態(tài)變量的降維觀測(cè)器。最后仿真驗(yàn)證了帶有這兩種觀測(cè)器的DTC系統(tǒng)的電機(jī)參數(shù)魯棒性好，轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁鏈脈動(dòng)小，低速時(shí)電機(jī)性能得到很大提升。 2.研究了兩種直接轉(zhuǎn)矩預(yù)測(cè)控制方法。針對(duì)時(shí)滯現(xiàn)象容易引起系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)增大的問(wèn)題，提出了兩種預(yù)測(cè)方法。第一種預(yù)測(cè)方法是全維狀態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)方法，它是在全維觀測(cè)器的基礎(chǔ)上，直接預(yù)測(cè)出下一周期的定子電流、定子磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩值，最后和傳統(tǒng)的DTC系統(tǒng)一樣采用查表法算出電壓矢量。第二種預(yù)測(cè)方法是直接對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁鏈幅值預(yù)測(cè)的方法。該方法結(jié)合了矢量控制和DTC的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，直接對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁鏈幅值的平方解耦控制，將給定的轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁鏈幅值平方作為下一周期的預(yù)測(cè)值，從而計(jì)算出所需要的控制電壓。經(jīng)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，這兩種預(yù)測(cè)方法均可以減小轉(zhuǎn)矩和磁鏈脈動(dòng)，，在全范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)矩的有效控制，并且由于第二種預(yù)測(cè)方法采用了SVPWM方法來(lái)控制電機(jī)，其響應(yīng)速度要更快。
[Abstract]:Direct torque control (DTC) is widely used in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) because of its simple structure, fast dynamic response and no need for decoupling control. However, the torque and flux pulsation of PMSM DTC system is very large and the stability performance of PMSM DTC system is poor due to the influence of the traditional stator flux observation method. Therefore, the study of stator flux observation method and DTC system with time delay has important theoretical and practical value. The main contents and innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. The stator flux chain stator current state observer and reduced order state observer of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are studied and designed. The observation accuracy of stator flux directly affects the performance of the system, while the DC offset and motor parameter change at low speed will cause the stator flux observation accuracy to decline. To solve this problem, the stator current equation with rotor position signal is transformed into one without rotor position signal by a simple variable substitution. Secondly, a full-order observer with stator current and stator flux as state variables is designed to solve the problem that stator flux is easily affected by motor parameters. Then, in order to simplify the structure of the system, a reduced-order observer with stator current and stator flux as state variables is designed. Finally, the simulation results show that the DTC system with these two observers has good robustness of motor parameters, small torque and flux ripple, and the motor performance is greatly improved at low speed. 2. Two direct torque predictive control methods are studied. In order to solve the problem of increasing torque ripple caused by delay phenomenon, two prediction methods are proposed. The first method is the full-dimension state prediction method, which directly predicts the stator current, stator flux and torque values of the next cycle on the basis of the full-dimensional observer. Finally, the voltage vector is calculated by the look-up table method, which is the same as the traditional DTC system. The second method is to predict the torque and flux amplitude directly. This method combines the advantages of vector control and DTC, and directly decouples the square of torque and flux chain amplitude. The square of the given torque and flux chain amplitude is taken as the prediction value of the next period, and the required control voltage is calculated. The simulation results show that these two prediction methods can reduce the torque and flux ripple and realize the effective torque control in the whole range. Because the second prediction method uses SVPWM to control the motor, the response speed is faster.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM341

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